Department of Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Linköping, Sweden.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2012 Aug;50(7):555-61. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2012.702217. Epub 2012 Jul 3.
The toxicological analysis of blood and urine samples from victims of alleged sexual assault represents a crucial part of the forensic evidence when this crime is investigated.
We searched a national forensic toxicology database (TOXBASE) to find cases registered as sexual assault, rape, including date-rape that the police had requested the analysis of ethanol and other drugs. Between 2008 and 2010, N = 1460 such cases met this criteria. After immunological screening of urine or blood samples, all positive results were verified by more specific analytical methods, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for illicit drugs. A large number of prescription drugs and their metabolites were determined by capillary GC with nitrogen-phosphorous (N-P) detector. GC with flame ionization detector (FID) was used to analyze ethanol and gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in blood at limits of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.1 g/L and 8 mg/L, respectively.
The average age (± standard deviation) of all victims was 24 ± 10.3 years and 72% were between 15 and 29 years. Ethanol and other drugs were not detected in 31% of cases (N = 459). Blood-ethanol was positive in N = 658 cases at mean, median and highest concentrations of 1.23 g/L, 1.22 g/L and 4.3 g/L, respectively. Ethanol plus drugs were present in N = 188 cases (13%) and one or more other drugs alone in N = 210 cases (14%). Cannabis (marijuana) and amphetamines were the major illicit drugs, whereas diazepam, alprazolam, zopiclone as well as newer antidepressants were the major prescription drugs identified.
The mean age of victims of sexual assault in Sweden, the proportion of drug positive to drug negative cases, the predominance of ethanol positive cases as well as the types of other drugs showed a remarkably good agreement in two studies spanning a period of 8 years.
在调查性侵犯犯罪时，对疑似性侵犯受害者的血液和尿液样本进行毒理学分析是法医证据的重要组成部分。
我们搜索了一个国家法医毒理学数据库（TOXBASE），以找到警方要求分析乙醇和其他药物的性侵犯、强奸、包括约会强奸案件的登记情况。在 2008 年至 2010 年期间，N=1460 例符合这一标准的此类病例。对尿液或血液样本进行免疫筛选后，所有阳性结果均通过更具体的分析方法（如用于非法药物的气相色谱-质谱联用 (GC-MS)）进行验证。通过毛细管 GC 与氮-磷 (N-P) 检测器测定了大量处方药物及其代谢物。使用火焰电离检测器 (FID) 的 GC 分析血液中的乙醇和 γ-羟基丁酸 (GHB)，定量限 (LOQ) 分别为 0.1 g/L 和 8 mg/L。
所有受害者的平均年龄（±标准差）为 24±10.3 岁，72%在 15 至 29 岁之间。在 31%的病例（N=459）中未检测到乙醇和其他药物。N=658 例血乙醇阳性，平均、中位数和最高浓度分别为 1.23 g/L、1.22 g/L 和 4.3 g/L。N=188 例（13%）存在乙醇加药物，N=210 例（14%）单独存在一种或多种其他药物。大麻（大麻）和安非他命是主要的非法药物，而安定、阿普唑仑、佐匹克隆以及较新的抗抑郁药是确定的主要处方药物。
瑞典性侵犯受害者的平均年龄、药物阳性与药物阴性病例的比例、乙醇阳性病例的优势以及其他药物的类型，在跨越 8 年的两项研究中表现出惊人的一致性。
