Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK.
Molecules. 2022 Jul 26;27(15):4771. doi: 10.3390/molecules27154771.
Ethanol is the most commonly used recreational drug worldwide. This study describes the development and validation of a headspace gas chromatography flame ionisation detection (HS-GC-FID) method using dual columns and detectors for simultaneous separation and quantitation. The use of a dual-column, dual-detector HS-GC-FID to quantitate ethanol is a common analytical technique in forensic toxicology; however, most analytical systems utilise pressure-balance injection rather than a simplified gas-tight syringe, as per this technique. This study is the first to develop and validate a technique that meets the specifications of the United Kingdom’s requirements for road traffic toxicology testing using a Shimadzu GC-2014 gas-tight syringe. The calibration ranged from 10 to 400 mg/100 mL, with a target minimum linearity of r2 > 0.999, using tertiary butanol as the internal standard marker. The method has an expanded uncertainty at 99.73% confidence of 3.64% at 80 mg/100 mL, which is the blood alcohol limit for drink driving in England and Wales. In addition, at 200 mg%—the limit at which a custodial sentence may be imposed on the defendant—the expanded uncertainty was 1.95%. For both the 80 mg% and 200 mg% concentrations, no bias was present in the analytical method. This method displays sufficient separation for other alcohols, such as methanol, isopropanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone. The validation of this technique complies with the recommended laboratory guidelines set out by United Kingdom and Ireland Association of Forensic Toxicologists (UKIAFT), the recently issued Laboratory 51 guidelines by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS), and the criteria set out by the California Code of Regulations (CCR), 17 CCR § 1220.1.
乙醇是世界上最常用的消遣性药物。本研究描述了一种顶空气相色谱火焰离子化检测（HS-GC-FID）方法的开发和验证，该方法使用双柱和双检测器进行同时分离和定量。在法医毒理学中，使用双柱、双检测器 HS-GC-FID 定量乙醇是一种常见的分析技术；然而，大多数分析系统使用压力平衡进样，而不是像本技术中那样使用简化的气密注射器。本研究首次开发并验证了一种符合英国道路交通毒理学测试要求的技术，该技术使用岛津 GC-2014 气密注射器。校准范围为 10 至 400 mg/100 mL，目标最小线性度 r2>0.999，使用叔丁醇作为内标标记物。该方法在 99.73%置信水平下的扩展不确定度为 3.64%，在 80 mg/100 mL 处，这是英格兰和威尔士酒后驾车的血液酒精限制。此外，在 200 mg%——对被告可能判处监禁的限制——处，扩展不确定度为 1.95%。对于 80 mg%和 200 mg%两种浓度，分析方法均无偏差。该方法对其他醇类，如甲醇、异丙醇、乙醛和丙酮，具有足够的分离能力。该技术的验证符合英国和爱尔兰法医毒理学家协会（UKIAFT）规定的推荐实验室指南、英国认可服务局（UKAS）最近发布的实验室 51 指南以及加利福尼亚法规（CCR）17 CCR§1220.1 规定的标准。
