Chauhan Varsha, Sharma Manu, Tiwari Abhishek, Tiwari Varsha, Kumar Manish, Sharma Ajay, Marisetti Arya Lakshmi, Kumar Ashok, Alhalmi Abdulsalam, Noman Omar M, Alahdab Ahmad
National Forensic Science University, Delhi Campus, Ministry of Home Affairs, Sec-3, Rohini, Delhi 110085, India.
Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Moradabad, (U.P.) 244102, India.
Saudi Pharm J. 2024 Feb;32(2):101950. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101950. Epub 2024 Jan 2.
Detecting z-drugs, a sedative-hypnotic medication, is also misused for criminal activities. Therefore, the analysis of urine samples is crucial for clinical and forensic purposes. We conducted a study where we developed, validated, and compared an analytical method for simultaneously detecting z-drugs in urine samples. Our approach uses the QuEChERS method for sample preparation, combined with liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). We optimized the QuEChERS method to effectively extract z-drugs from urine samples while minimizing matrix effects and achieving high recovery rates. After extraction, we split the samples into two parts for analysis using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. We validated our methods, and the results showed good linearity over a broad concentration range (1-200 ng/mL) for each z-drug. The limits of detection and quantification were within clinically relevant ranges, ensuring sensitivity for detecting z-drugs in urine samples. We compared the two chromatographic techniques by analyzing a set of urine samples spiked with known concentrations of z-drugs using both LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods and then applied to the real samples. The results were statistically analyzed to assess any significant differences in accuracy and precision above 95 %, and both methods offered reliable and consistent results with the samples as well. In conclusion, our analytical method coupled with both LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS using the QuEChERS approach provides a comprehensive and robust solution for the simultaneous detection of z-drugs in urine samples. The choice between the two chromatographic techniques can be based on the specific z-drugs of interest and the required analytical performance. This method holds promise for applications in clinical toxicology, forensic analysis, and monitoring z-drug usage.
检测Z类药物（一种镇静催眠药物）也被滥用于犯罪活动。因此，尿液样本分析对于临床和法医目的至关重要。我们开展了一项研究，开发、验证并比较了一种同时检测尿液样本中Z类药物的分析方法。我们的方法采用QuEChERS方法进行样本制备，并结合液相色谱（LC）和气相色谱（GC）与串联质谱（MS/MS）联用。我们优化了QuEChERS方法，以有效从尿液样本中提取Z类药物，同时将基质效应降至最低并实现高回收率。提取后，我们将样本分成两部分，分别使用LC-MS/MS和GC-MS/MS进行分析。我们对方法进行了验证，结果表明每种Z类药物在较宽的浓度范围（1 - 200 ng/mL）内具有良好的线性。检测限和定量限在临床相关范围内，确保了检测尿液样本中Z类药物的灵敏度。我们通过使用LC-MS/MS和GC-MS/MS方法分析一组添加了已知浓度Z类药物的尿液样本，比较了这两种色谱技术，然后应用于实际样本。对结果进行统计分析，以评估准确度和精密度在95%以上的任何显著差异，两种方法对样本也都提供了可靠且一致的结果。总之，我们结合使用QuEChERS方法的LC-MS/MS和GC-MS/MS的分析方法为尿液样本中Z类药物的同时检测提供了全面而稳健的解决方案。两种色谱技术之间的选择可以基于感兴趣的特定Z类药物和所需的分析性能。该方法在临床毒理学、法医分析和监测Z类药物使用方面具有应用前景。
