Warholm Lina, Petersen Kresten R, Ravn Pernille
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2012 Aug;17(4):245-53. doi: 10.3109/13625187.2012.692411. Epub 2012 Jul 3.
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are increasingly used by adolescents. The aim of this review is to investigate the evidence regarding COCs' influence on weight, height and bone mineral density (BMD) in girls younger than 18 years.
Systematic literature search using PubMed/Medline and Scopus (January 1990-February 2012) on COCs for girls under 18 years of age and the possible influence on body parameters. MeSH terms: Oral contraception; Adolescent; Weight; Body composition; Height; Bone mineral density.
There is no evidence that COCs induce weight gain in girls younger than 18 years. Obese girls are not at higher risk of gaining weight. COCs do not cause changes in body fat and lean mass beyond the changes caused by natural development. Moreover, growth and stature are unaffected. Few studies indicate that COCs have a negative impact on BMD, but the evidence is presently too limited for definite conclusions.
Studies in young users are few. Presently, there are no indications of a negative impact of COCs on weight, body composition or height. Lesser increases in BMD cannot be excluded. As the demand for COCs is increasing among the youngest girls, there is a need for prospective studies addressing this issue.
青少年越来越多地使用复方口服避孕药（COC）。本综述的目的是调查有关COC对18岁以下女孩体重、身高和骨密度（BMD）影响的证据。
利用PubMed/Medline和Scopus（1990年1月至2012年2月）对18岁以下女孩使用COC及其对身体参数可能产生的影响进行系统文献检索。医学主题词：口服避孕；青少年；体重；身体成分；身高；骨密度。
没有证据表明COC会导致18岁以下女孩体重增加。肥胖女孩体重增加的风险并不更高。COC不会导致身体脂肪和瘦体重发生超出自然发育引起的变化。此外，生长和身高不受影响。少数研究表明COC对骨密度有负面影响，但目前证据过于有限，无法得出明确结论。
针对年轻使用者的研究较少。目前，没有迹象表明COC会对体重、身体成分或身高产生负面影响。不能排除骨密度有较小增加的情况。由于最年轻女孩对COC的需求不断增加，有必要开展前瞻性研究来解决这一问题。
