University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Psychiatry Center for Psychiatric Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
Drug Test Anal. 2012 Jul-Aug;4(7-8):543-55. doi: 10.1002/dta.1376. Epub 2012 Jul 4.
Alcohol and drug addiction are major public health problems, and existing treatments are only moderately effective. Although there has been interest for over half a century in the therapeutic use of classic hallucinogens to treat addictions, clinical research with these drugs was halted at an early stage in the early 1970s, leaving many fundamental questions unanswered. In the past two decades, clinical research on classic hallucinogens has resumed, although addiction treatment trials are only now beginning. The purpose of this paper is to provide a targeted review of the research most relevant to the therapeutic potential of hallucinogens, and to integrate this information with current thinking about addiction and recovery. On the basis of this information, we present a heuristic model which organizes a number of hypotheses that may be tested in future research. We conclude that existing evidence provides a convincing rationale for further research on the effects of classic hallucinogens in the treatment of addiction.
酒精和药物成瘾是主要的公共卫生问题，现有的治疗方法效果仅为中等。尽管半个多世纪以来，人们一直有兴趣将经典致幻剂用于治疗成瘾，但这些药物的临床研究在 20 世纪 70 年代早期的早期阶段就停止了，许多基本问题仍未得到解答。在过去的二十年中，经典致幻剂的临床研究已经恢复，尽管成瘾治疗试验才刚刚开始。本文的目的是对与致幻剂治疗潜力最相关的研究进行有针对性的回顾，并将这些信息与当前关于成瘾和康复的思考结合起来。在此基础上，我们提出了一个启发式模型，该模型组织了一些假设，这些假设可能在未来的研究中得到检验。我们的结论是，现有证据为进一步研究经典致幻剂在治疗成瘾方面的作用提供了令人信服的理由。
