Mangini M
University of California at San Francisco, USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 1998 Oct-Dec;30(4):381-418. doi: 10.1080/02791072.1998.10399714.
Following Albert Hofmann's discovery of LSD's psychoactive properties in 1943, and previous to their scheduling as controlled substances, the psychedelic drugs were widely studied--six international conferences and hundreds of papers discussed their potential therapeutic usefulness. The observation that the frightening experience of delirium tremens sometimes led alcoholics to moderate their alcohol intake suggested to early psychedelic researchers that the "psychotomimetic" experience thought to be produced by LSD could be used to treat alcoholism. A number of hypothesis-generating studies employing a variety of research designs to examine this premise were completed, but relatively few controlled trials attempted hypothesis testing. After twenty-five years of study, a combination of flawed methodology, uneven results and social reprehension led to the abandonment of research on the therapeutic use of psychedelic drugs, leaving many avenues of inquiry unexplored and many questions unanswered. Today, after a thirty-year hiatus, this research is gradually being resumed, and there is renewed interest in the findings of previous studies. This article explores the history of one branch of psychedelic research, the therapeutic use of LSD in the treatment of alcoholism, and of the events that led to the relabeling of the "hallucinogens" as drugs of abuse.
1943年阿尔伯特·霍夫曼发现麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）的精神活性特性之后，在其被列为管制药物之前，迷幻药物得到了广泛研究——六次国际会议和数百篇论文探讨了它们潜在的治疗用途。震颤谵妄的可怕体验有时会使酗酒者减少饮酒量，这一观察结果让早期的迷幻药物研究者认为，LSD产生的“拟精神病”体验可用于治疗酒精中毒。许多采用各种研究设计来检验这一前提的假设生成研究已经完成，但进行假设检验的对照试验相对较少。经过25年的研究，有缺陷的方法、参差不齐的结果以及社会谴责导致对迷幻药物治疗用途的研究被放弃，留下了许多未探索的研究途径和许多未解答的问题。如今，在中断30年后，这项研究正逐渐恢复，人们对之前研究的结果也重新产生了兴趣。本文探讨了迷幻药物研究的一个分支的历史，即LSD在治疗酒精中毒方面的治疗用途，以及导致“致幻剂”被重新归类为滥用药物的一系列事件。
