Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Arch Bronconeumol. 2012 Nov;48(11):389-95. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2012.05.005. Epub 2012 Jul 3.
Air pollution is associated with a substantial burden on human health; however, the most important pollutants may vary with location. Proper monitoring is necessary to determine the effect of these pollutants on respiratory health.
This study was designed to evaluate the role of outdoor, indoor and personal exposure to combustion-related pollutants NO(2) and O(3) on respiratory health of children in a non-affluent urban area of São Paulo, Brazil.
Levels of NO(2) and O(3) were continuously measured in outdoor and indoor air, as well as personal exposure, for 30 days using passive measurement monitors. Respiratory health was assessed with a Brazilian version of the ISAAC questionnaire.
Complete data were available from 64 children, aged 6-10 years. Respiratory morbidity was high, with 43 (67.2%) reporting having had wheezing at any time, 27 (42.2%) wheezing in the last month, 17 (26.6%) asthma at any time and 21 (32.8%) pneumonia at any time. Correlations between levels of NO(2) and O(3) measured in the three locations evaluated were poor. Levels of NO(2) in indoor air and personal exposure to O(3) were independently associated with asthma (both cases P=.02), pneumonia (O(3), P=.02) and wheezing at any time (both cases P<.01). No associations were seen between outdoor NO(2) and O(3) and respiratory health.
Exposure to higher levels of NO(2) and O(3) was associated with increased risk for asthma and pneumonia in children. Nonetheless, the place where the pollutants are measured influences the results. The measurements taken in indoor and personal exposure were the most accurate.
空气污染对人类健康造成了巨大负担；然而，最重要的污染物可能因地点而异。适当的监测对于确定这些污染物对呼吸健康的影响是必要的。
本研究旨在评估室外、室内和个人接触与燃烧有关的污染物 NO(2)和 O(3)对巴西圣保罗一个非富裕城市儿童呼吸健康的影响。
使用被动测量监测器连续 30 天测量室外和室内空气中以及个人接触的 NO(2)和 O(3)水平。使用巴西版 ISAAC 问卷评估呼吸健康。
从 64 名 6-10 岁的儿童中获得了完整的数据。呼吸发病率很高，43 名（67.2%）报告在任何时候都有喘息，27 名（42.2%）在过去一个月中有喘息，17 名（26.6%）在任何时候都有哮喘，21 名（32.8%）在任何时候都有肺炎。在评估的三个位置测量的 NO(2)和 O(3)水平之间相关性较差。室内空气 NO(2)水平和个人接触 O(3)与哮喘（均 P=.02）、肺炎（O(3)，P=.02）和任何时候的喘息（均 P<.01）均独立相关。室外 NO(2)和 O(3)与呼吸健康之间没有关联。
接触较高水平的 NO(2)和 O(3)与儿童哮喘和肺炎的风险增加有关。尽管如此，测量地点会影响结果。在室内和个人接触中进行的测量最为准确。
