Shire Pharmaceuticals, Wayne, PA 19087, USA.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Sep;21(9):477-92. doi: 10.1007/s00787-012-0286-5. Epub 2012 Jul 5.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders among school-aged children. It is highly symptomatic and associated with significant impairment. This review examines the role of stimulant medications in the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD. Published clinical studies that compared methylphenidate- and amfetamine-based stimulants in children and adolescents with ADHD support the therapeutic utility of stimulant treatments, and suggest robust efficacy and acceptable safety outcomes in groups treated with either stimulant. Evidence-based guidelines agree that each patient with ADHD is unique and individual treatment strategies that incorporate both drug and non-drug treatment options should be sought. In seeking to optimize individual response and outcomes to stimulant therapy, important considerations include the selection of stimulant class, the choice of long- or short-acting stimulant formulations, addressing effectively any emergent adverse effects and strategies aimed at enhancing adherence to dosing regimen and persistence on therapy.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是学龄儿童中最常见的神经发育障碍之一。它具有高度的症状性，并与显著的损伤有关。本综述考察了兴奋剂药物在治疗儿童和青少年 ADHD 中的作用。比较儿童和青少年中使用哌甲酯和苯丙胺类兴奋剂的已发表临床研究支持兴奋剂治疗的治疗效用，并表明接受任何一种兴奋剂治疗的组都具有强大的疗效和可接受的安全性结果。循证指南一致认为，每个 ADHD 患者都是独特的，应寻求将药物和非药物治疗方案相结合的个体化治疗策略。为了优化个体对兴奋剂治疗的反应和结果，重要的考虑因素包括兴奋剂类别的选择、长效或短效兴奋剂制剂的选择、有效解决任何新出现的不良反应以及旨在提高剂量方案依从性和治疗持久性的策略。
