Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Section, Clinic Center, Private Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Oct;25(5):337-42. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.05.010. Epub 2012 Jul 4.
Cough in children is among the most common problems managed by pediatricians, and occurs more frequently in preschool than in older children. Most acute episodes of cough are due to viral upper respiratory tract infections. The morbidity associated with acute cough in a child extends also to parents, teachers, and other family members and caregivers. Unfortunately, therapeutic options for acute cough in children are severely limited due to the absence of drugs shown to be effective antitussives with an acceptable safety profile. Agents used in the management of adult cough, such as narcotics (codeine, hydrocodone), the non-narcotic opioid dextromethorphan, first-generation, potentially sedating antihistamines, and decongestants such as pseudoephedrine, have all been deemed inadequate for treatment of acute pediatric cough on a risk/benefit basis. A growing body of evidence suggests that the peripherally acting antitussive, levodropropizine, may be an attractive alternative for the treatment of bothersome acute cough in children.
儿童咳嗽是儿科医生最常处理的问题之一,学龄前儿童比年长儿童更常见。大多数急性咳嗽是由病毒引起的上呼吸道感染引起的。儿童急性咳嗽的发病率也会影响到父母、教师和其他家庭成员和照顾者。不幸的是,由于缺乏被证明对具有可接受安全性的咳嗽有效镇咳药,儿童急性咳嗽的治疗选择非常有限。用于成人咳嗽管理的药物,如麻醉剂(可待因、氢可酮)、非麻醉性阿片类右美沙芬、第一代可能镇静的抗组胺药和解充血药,如伪麻黄碱,都因风险/效益比而被认为不适合治疗急性儿科咳嗽。越来越多的证据表明,外周作用镇咳药左羟丙哌嗪可能是治疗儿童烦人的急性咳嗽的一种有吸引力的选择。