Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Neuropsychology. 2012 Sep;26(5):541-50. doi: 10.1037/a0029217. Epub 2012 Jul 9.
This study examines the association between neurocognitive functioning and tobacco smoking in adolescence.
Data from three measurements of the longitudinal Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a large regional population-based cohort study of Dutch adolescents, were used. The first measurement took place in 2001-2002 (T1) when participants were age 11, with two follow-up measurements (2003-2004 and 2005-2007; T2 and T3, respectively). A total of 1,797 adolescents participated in all three waves. At T1, they performed a selection of tasks from the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks program (De Sonneville, 1999), which enabled the assessment of the main aspects of neurocognitive functioning. Smoking was assessed with a self-report questionnaire at T1, T2, and T3. In the multivariate analyses we controlled for gender, age, socioeconomic status (SES) and baseline speed.
Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that poor sustained attention increased the likelihood that the adolescent would initiate smoking between T1 and T2. Low inhibition of prepotent responses increased the likelihood of smoking initiation between T1 and T3. An increased ability to inhibit biased response tendencies reduced the likelihood of being a daily smoker at T2. Poor sustained attention increased the likelihood of being a daily smoker at T3.
Poor sustained attention and low inhibition predicted adolescent smoking. However, the proportion of the variance in smoking risk accounted for by these neurocognitive predictors proved to be small. Thus, although neurocognitive functioning is related to adolescent smoking, it seems to explain only a small part of why adolescents initiate and continue smoking.
本研究考察了青少年神经认知功能与吸烟之间的关系。
使用了纵向追踪青少年个体生活调查（TRAILS）的三个测量数据，这是一项针对荷兰青少年的大型区域性人群队列研究。第一次测量于 2001-2002 年进行（T1），参与者年龄为 11 岁，随后进行了两次随访测量（T2 和 T3，分别在 2003-2004 年和 2005-2007 年进行）。共有 1797 名青少年参加了所有三次测量。在 T1 时，他们完成了阿姆斯特丹神经心理任务计划（De Sonneville，1999）中的一系列任务，这些任务能够评估神经认知功能的主要方面。吸烟情况在 T1、T2 和 T3 通过自我报告问卷进行评估。在多变量分析中，我们控制了性别、年龄、社会经济地位（SES）和基线速度。
多变量逻辑回归分析显示，持续注意力差会增加青少年在 T1 到 T2 期间开始吸烟的可能性。低抑制优势反应会增加青少年在 T1 到 T3 期间开始吸烟的可能性。抑制偏差反应倾向的能力增强会降低青少年在 T2 时成为每日吸烟者的可能性。持续注意力差会增加青少年在 T3 时成为每日吸烟者的可能性。
持续注意力差和抑制能力低预测了青少年吸烟。然而，这些神经认知预测因素对吸烟风险的方差比例证明很小。因此，尽管神经认知功能与青少年吸烟有关，但它似乎只能解释青少年开始和继续吸烟的一小部分原因。
