Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Teach Learn Med. 2012;24(3):267-72. doi: 10.1080/10401334.2012.692286.
Obesity is the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States. However, physicians feel poorly trained to address the obesity epidemic. This article examines effective training methods for overweight and obesity intervention in undergraduate medical education. Using indexing terms related to overweight, obesity, and medical student education, we conducted a literature searched PubMed PsycINFO, Cochrane, and ERIC for relevant articles in English. References from articles identified were also reviewed to located additional articles.
We included all studies that incorporated process or outcome evaluations of obesity educational interventions for U.S. medical students. Of an initial 168 citations, 40 abstracts were retrieved; 11 studies were found to be pertinent to medical student obesity education, but only 5 included intervention and evaluation elements. Quality criteria for inclusion consisted of explicit evaluation of the educational methods used. Data extraction identified participants (e.g., year of medical students), interventions, evaluations, and results. These 5 studies successfully used a variety of teaching methods including hands on training, didactic lectures, role-playing, and standardized patient interaction to increase medical students' knowledge, attitudes, and skills regarding overweight and obesity intervention. Two studies addressed medical student bias toward overweight and obese patients. No studies addressed health disparities in the epidemiology and bias of obesity.
Despite the commonly cited "obesity epidemic," there are very few published studies that report the effectiveness of medical school obesity educational programs. Gaps still exist within undergraduate medical education including specific training that addresses obesity and long-term studies showing that such training is retained.
肥胖是美国可预防死亡的第二大主要原因。然而，医生们觉得自己在解决肥胖问题方面的培训不足。本文研究了在本科医学教育中进行超重和肥胖干预的有效培训方法。我们使用与超重、肥胖和医学生教育相关的索引术语，在 PubMed、PsycINFO、Cochrane 和 ERIC 中对英文相关文章进行了文献检索。还查阅了文章中的参考文献，以找到其他文章。
我们纳入了所有针对美国医学生进行肥胖教育干预的过程或结果评估的研究。在最初的 168 条引文中，有 40 条摘要被检索到；发现 11 项研究与医学生肥胖教育有关，但只有 5 项研究包括干预和评估内容。纳入的质量标准包括对所使用的教育方法的明确评估。数据提取确定了参与者（例如，医学生的年级）、干预措施、评估和结果。这 5 项研究成功地使用了各种教学方法，包括实践培训、讲座、角色扮演和标准化患者互动，以提高医学生对超重和肥胖干预的知识、态度和技能。有两项研究解决了医学生对超重和肥胖患者的偏见问题。没有研究涉及肥胖的流行病学和偏见方面的健康差异。
尽管经常提到“肥胖流行”，但很少有发表的研究报告医学院肥胖教育计划的有效性。本科医学教育仍存在一些差距，包括专门针对肥胖的培训和长期研究表明这种培训得以保留。
