US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Regional Office for Central America and Panama, International Emerging Infections Program, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
J Clin Virol. 2012 Sep;55(1):8-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.02.018. Epub 2012 Jul 7.
In February 2009, a group of Guatemalan school children developed acute gastroenteritis (AGE) after participating in a school excursion.
We conducted a retrospective cohort investigation to characterize the outbreak and guide control measures.
A case was defined as an illness with onset of diarrhea or vomiting during February 25-March 5, 2009. Participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire, and stool specimens were collected. We inspected the excursion site and tested water samples for total coliforms and Escherichia coli.
We identified 119 excursion participants, of which 92 (77%) had been ill. Fifty-six (62%) patients sought care for their illness, and three (3%) were hospitalized. Eighteen (90%) of the 20 specimens from ill children tested positive for norovirus. Among these, 16 (89%) were of the genogroup I (GI.7) and two (11%) were genogroup II (GII.12 and GII.17). One (8%) of the 12 food handlers had norovirus (GI.7). Drinking water samples had 146 most probable numbers (MPN)/100ml of total coliforms and five MPN/100ml of E. coli.
We describe the first laboratory-confirmed norovirus outbreak in Guatemala. The high illness attack rate, detection of multiple norovirus strains in sick persons, and presence of fecal contamination of drinking water indicate likely waterborne transmission.
2009 年 2 月，一群危地马拉学童在参加学校远足后出现急性肠胃炎（AGE）。
我们进行了一项回顾性队列研究，以描述疫情并指导控制措施。
病例定义为 2009 年 2 月 25 日至 3 月 5 日期间出现腹泻或呕吐症状的疾病。我们使用标准化问卷对参与者进行访谈，并采集粪便样本。我们检查了远足地点，并测试了水样中的总大肠菌群和大肠杆菌。
我们确定了 119 名远足参与者，其中 92 名（77%）生病。56 名（62%）患者因疾病寻求治疗，3 名（3%）住院。20 名患病儿童的样本中有 18 份（90%）检测出诺如病毒呈阳性。其中，16 份（89%）为基因 I 组（GI.7），2 份（11%）为基因 II 组（GII.12 和 GII.17）。12 名食品处理人员中有 1 名（8%）携带诺如病毒（GI.7）。饮用水样中总大肠菌群的最可能数为 146 个/100ml，大肠杆菌的最可能数为 5 个/100ml。
我们描述了危地马拉首例实验室确诊的诺如病毒疫情。高发病率、在患病者中检测到多种诺如病毒株以及饮用水存在粪便污染表明可能存在经水传播。
