言语和歌唱中低频和高频能量的水平指向性。
Horizontal directivity of low- and high-frequency energy in speech and singing.
机构信息
National Center for Voice and Speech, University of Utah, 136 S. Main Street, Suite 320, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101, USA.
出版信息
J Acoust Soc Am. 2012 Jul;132(1):433-41. doi: 10.1121/1.4725963.
Abstract
Speech and singing directivity in the horizontal plane was examined using simultaneous multi-channel full-bandwidth recordings to investigate directivity of high-frequency energy, in particular. This method allowed not only for accurate analysis of running speech using the long-term average spectrum, but also for examination of directivity of separate transient phonemes. Several vocal production factors that could affect directivity were examined. Directivity differences were not found between modes of production (speech vs singing) and only slight differences were found between genders and production levels (soft vs normal vs loud), more pronounced in the higher frequencies. Large directivity differences were found between specific voiceless fricatives, with /s,∫/ more directional than /f,θ/ in the 4, 8, 16 kHz octave bands.
摘要
使用同时多通道全带宽记录来研究高频能量的指向性，考察了水平面上的言语和歌唱的指向性。这种方法不仅允许使用长期平均谱准确地分析连续言语，还允许检查单独瞬态音素的指向性。考察了几个可能影响指向性的发声因素。在发声方式（言语与歌唱）之间没有发现指向性差异，仅在性别和发声水平（柔和与正常与响亮）之间发现了微小差异，在高频段更为明显。在特定的清擦音之间发现了较大的指向性差异，在 4、8、16 kHz 倍频程中，/s/和/∫/比/f/和/θ/更具指向性。
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