Shahbazfar Amir Ali, Zare Payman, Mohammadpour Hemn, Tayefi-Nasrabadi Hossein
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Interdiscip Toxicol. 2012 Mar;5(1):30-7. doi: 10.2478/v10102-012-0006-5.
Artemisinin is a sesquitrepenelactone with an endoperoxide bridge. It is a naturally occurring substance from Artemisia species plants. Artemisia species have been used in oriental medicine for centuries to treat malaria, gastrointestinal helminthosia, diarrhea, and as an antipyretic and sedative agent. Antileishmanial activity of the plants has been announced a few years ago. Dogs are the most important reservoir of leishmaniasis in some parts of the world. To use it as an antileishmanial drug in dogs, its side effects on different organs, among them the kidney as the organ of elimination have to be elucidated. Artemisinin with different concentrations (0.15, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 μg/ml) was added to the culture of MDCK (Madin darby canine kidney) cells with and without iron (86 μg/dl). All the changes were controlled and photographed every 12 hours using an invert microscope. After 60 hours, supernatants and cell extracts were examined for LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) concentration and total protein. Also TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) test was performed on cell extracts. Some microscopic slides were prepared from the cells and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for microscopic exams. Biochemical parameters showed cellular reaction and injury in a concentration dependent manner. Cell injury was more severe in the iron-added groups. Microscopic exams showed cell and nuclear swelling, granular degeneration, vacuole and vesicle formation, cellular detachment, piknosis, karyorrhexis, cellular necrosis and inhibition of new mitosis. On using the drug for leishmaniasis treatment in the dog, it should be done with caution and supervision.
青蒿素是一种带有内过氧化物桥的倍半萜内酯。它是一种从青蒿属植物中天然存在的物质。几个世纪以来，青蒿属植物在东方医学中一直被用于治疗疟疾、胃肠道蠕虫病、腹泻，并用作退热剂和镇静剂。几年前已公布该植物具有抗利什曼原虫活性。在世界某些地区，狗是利什曼病最重要的储存宿主。为了将其用作犬类抗利什曼原虫药物，必须阐明其对不同器官（其中肾脏作为排泄器官）的副作用。将不同浓度（0.15、0.3、0.6和1.2μg/ml）的青蒿素添加到含和不含铁（86μg/dl）的MDCK（麦迪逊-达比犬肾）细胞培养物中。每隔12小时使用倒置显微镜控制并拍摄所有变化。60小时后，检测上清液和细胞提取物中的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）浓度和总蛋白。同时对细胞提取物进行硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质（TBARS）测试。从细胞制备一些显微镜载玻片，并用苏木精-伊红染色进行显微镜检查。生化参数显示细胞反应和损伤呈浓度依赖性。在添加铁的组中细胞损伤更严重。显微镜检查显示细胞和细胞核肿胀、颗粒变性、空泡和囊泡形成、细胞脱离、核固缩、核碎裂、细胞坏死以及新有丝分裂受到抑制。在将该药物用于犬类利什曼病治疗时，应谨慎并在监督下进行。
