Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Aug 21;46(16):9138-45. doi: 10.1021/es302004w. Epub 2012 Jul 31.
Bisphenol A has been reported to be a ubiquitous contaminant in indoor dust, and human exposure to this compound is well documented. Information on the occurrence of and human exposure to other bisphenol analogues is limited. In this study, eight bisphenol analogues, namely 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (BPA), 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol (BPAF), 4,4'-(1-phenylethylidene)bisphenol (BPAP), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane (BPB), 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane (BPF), 4,4'-(1,4-phenylenediisopropylidene)bisphenol (BPP), 4,4'- sulfonyldiphenol (BPS), and 4,4'-cyclohexylidenebisphenol (BPZ), were determined in indoor dust samples (n = 156) collected from the United States (U.S.), China, Japan, and Korea. Samples were extracted by solid-liquid extraction, purified by automated solid phase extraction methods, and determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The total concentrations of bisphenols (∑BPs; sum of eight bisphenols) in dust were in the range of 0.026-111 μg/g (geometric mean: 2.29 μg/g). BPA, BPS, and BPF were the three major bisphenols, accounting for >98% of the total concentrations. Other bisphenol analogues were rare or not detected, with the exception of BPAF, which was found in 76% of the 41 samples collected in Korea (geometric mean: 0.0039 μg/g). The indoor dust samples from Korea contained the highest concentrations of both individual and total bisphenols. BPA concentrations in dust were compared among three microenvironments (house, office, and laboratory). The estimated median daily intake (EDI) of ∑BPs through dust ingestion in the U.S., China, Japan, and Korea was 12.6, 4.61, 15.8, and 18.6 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day, respectively, for toddlers and 1.72, 0.78, 2.65, and 3.13 ng/kg bw/day, respectively, for adults. This is the first report on the occurrence of bisphenols, other than BPA, in indoor dust.
双酚 A 已被报道为室内灰尘中普遍存在的污染物，人类接触这种化合物已有充分的记录。关于其他双酚类似物的存在和人类接触的信息有限。在这项研究中，测定了 8 种双酚类似物，即 2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷（BPA）、4,4'-(六氟异丙基)二苯酚（BPAF）、4,4'-(1-苯乙基)双酚（BPAP）、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丁烷（BPB）、4,4'-二羟基二苯甲烷（BPF）、4,4'-(1,4-亚苯基二异丙基)双酚（BPP）、4,4'-磺酰基二苯酚（BPS）和 4,4'-环己基二苯酚（BPZ），这些物质存在于来自美国、中国、日本和韩国的室内灰尘样本（n=156）中。样品通过固液萃取提取，通过自动化固相萃取方法纯化，并通过液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）进行测定。灰尘中双酚的总浓度（∑BPs；8 种双酚的总和）在 0.026-111μg/g 之间（几何平均值：2.29μg/g）。BPA、BPS 和 BPF 是三种主要的双酚，占总浓度的>98%。其他双酚类似物很少或未检出，除了在韩国采集的 41 个样本中发现的 BPAF（几何平均值：0.0039μg/g）。韩国的室内灰尘样本中含有个体和总双酚的最高浓度。比较了灰尘中 3 种微环境（家庭、办公室和实验室）中 BPA 的浓度。通过摄入灰尘，估计美国、中国、日本和韩国幼儿的每日总摄入量（EDI）为 12.6、4.61、15.8 和 18.6ng/kg 体重（bw）/天，成人的 EDI 为 1.72、0.78、2.65 和 3.13ng/kg bw/day。这是首次报告室内灰尘中存在除 BPA 以外的双酚。
