Division of Respiratory Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC.
Curr Oncol. 2012 Jun;19(Suppl 1):S16-23. doi: 10.3747/co.19.1062.
Advances in molecular biology are improving the understanding of lung cancer and changing the approach to treatment. A satisfactory biopsy that allows for histologic characterization and mutation analysis is becoming increasingly important. Most patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and diagnosis is often based on a small biopsy or cytology specimen. Here, we review the techniques available for making a diagnosis of lung cancer, including bronchoscopy, ultrasound-guided bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, transthoracic needle aspiration, thoracentesis, and medical thoracoscopy. We also discuss the indications, complications, and tissue yields of those techniques, especially as they pertain to testing for molecular markers.
分子生物学的进步正在提高对肺癌的认识并改变治疗方法。获得允许进行组织学特征描述和突变分析的满意活检标本变得越来越重要。大多数肺癌患者在晚期被诊断出来，诊断通常基于小活检或细胞学标本。在这里，我们回顾了用于诊断肺癌的技术，包括支气管镜检查、超声引导支气管镜检查、纵隔镜检查、经胸针吸活检、胸腔穿刺和胸腔镜检查。我们还讨论了这些技术的适应证、并发症和组织产量，特别是与分子标志物检测相关的内容。
