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致病细菌与自噬系统的相互作用。

Interactions of pathogenic bacteria with autophagy systems.

机构信息

Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G1X8, Canada.

出版信息

Curr Biol. 2012 Jul 10;22(13):R540-5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.001.

Abstract

Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradative pathway that is now established to be a vital part of the host immune response to microbial infection. Autophagy can directly eliminate intracellular pathogens by mediating their delivery to lysosomes. Canonical autophagy is characterized by the formation of a double-membrane autophagosome and the involvement of over 35 autophagy-related proteins (Atgs), including a commonly used autophagosome marker in mammalian cells, LC3. Recent studies have shown that a subset of autophagy components can lead to LC3 conjugation onto phagosomes. This process of LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) results in the degradation of the cargo by promoting phagosome fusion with lysosomes. Other components of the autophagy machinery also play roles in immunity that are distinct from the canonical autophagy and LAP pathways. This minireview highlights the complicated relationship between autophagy components and intracellular bacteria, including bacterial targeting mechanisms and the interaction between autophagy and effectors/toxins secreted by bacteria.

摘要

自噬是一种保守的细胞降解途径,现在已经确立为宿主对微生物感染的免疫反应的重要组成部分。自噬可以通过介导其递送至溶酶体来直接消除细胞内病原体。经典的自噬的特征在于形成双层膜自噬体和涉及超过 35 种自噬相关蛋白(Atgs),包括哺乳动物细胞中常用的自噬体标记物 LC3。最近的研究表明,自噬成分的亚组可以导致 LC3 连接到吞噬体上。这个 LC3 相关的吞噬作用(LAP)过程通过促进吞噬体与溶酶体融合来导致货物的降解。自噬机制的其他成分在免疫中也发挥着与经典自噬和 LAP 途径不同的作用。这篇小综述强调了自噬成分与细胞内细菌之间复杂的关系,包括细菌靶向机制以及自噬与细菌分泌的效应物/毒素之间的相互作用。

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