Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
Department of Zoology, Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 27;13:1027472. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027472. eCollection 2022.
Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by (Mtb), is one of the most lethal infectious disease worldwide, and it greatly affects human health. Some diagnostic and therapeutic methods are available to effectively prevent and treat TB; however, only a few systematic studies have described the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in TB. Combining multiple clinical datasets and previous studies on Mtb and miRNAs, we state that pathogens can exploit interactions between miRNAs and other biomolecules to avoid host mechanisms of immune-mediated clearance and survive in host cells for a long time. During the interaction between Mtb and host cells, miRNA expression levels are altered, resulting in the changes in the miRNA-mediated regulation of host cell metabolism, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and autophagy. In addition, differential miRNA expression can be used to distinguish healthy individuals, patients with TB, and patients with latent TB. This review summarizes the roles of miRNAs in immune regulation and their application as biomarkers in TB. These findings could provide new opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of TB.
结核病（TB）是由结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）引起的，是全球最致命的传染病之一，严重影响人类健康。目前已有一些诊断和治疗方法可有效预防和治疗结核病，但仅有少数系统性研究描述了 microRNAs（miRNAs）在结核病中的作用。我们结合多个临床数据集和以前关于 Mtb 和 miRNAs 的研究，指出病原体可以利用 miRNAs 与其他生物分子之间的相互作用来逃避宿主的免疫清除机制，并在宿主细胞中长期存活。在 Mtb 与宿主细胞的相互作用过程中，miRNA 的表达水平发生改变，导致 miRNA 介导的宿主细胞代谢、炎症反应、细胞凋亡和自噬的调控发生变化。此外，差异表达的 miRNA 可用于区分健康个体、结核病患者和潜伏性结核病患者。本综述总结了 miRNAs 在免疫调节中的作用及其作为结核病生物标志物的应用。这些发现为结核病的诊断和治疗提供了新的机会。
