Horibata Sachi, Coonrod Scott A, Cherrington Brian D
Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, NY 14853, USA.
J Reprod Dev. 2012;58(3):274-82. doi: 10.1262/jrd.2011-040.
The peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a family of calcium-dependent enzymes that post-translationally convert positively charged arginine residues to neutrally charged citrulline in a process called citrullination. There are five PAD family members (PAD1-4 and 6), each with unique tissue distribution patterns and functional roles including: cellular differentiation, nerve growth, apoptosis, inflammation, gene regulation, and early embryonic development. Previous review articles have focused on the expression and function of PADs and on their catalytic activity, citrullination, while other, more recent reviews have addressed the role of these enzymes in disease [1-3]. What has not been previously reviewed in any level of detail is the role that PAD proteins play in female reproduction. Given that: (1) PAD family members are highly represented in female reproductive tissues, (2) that some of the earlier PAD literature suggests that PADs play a critical role in female reproduction, and (3) that our studies have demonstrated that oocyte and early embryo restricted PAD6 is essential for female reproduction, we felt that a more comprehensive review of this topic was warranted.
肽基精氨酸脱亚氨酶（PADs）是一类钙依赖性酶，在一个称为瓜氨酸化的过程中，它们将带正电荷的精氨酸残基翻译后转化为带中性电荷的瓜氨酸。PAD家族有五个成员（PAD1 - 4和6），每个成员都有独特的组织分布模式和功能作用，包括：细胞分化、神经生长、细胞凋亡、炎症、基因调控和早期胚胎发育。以往的综述文章主要关注PADs的表达、功能及其催化活性——瓜氨酸化，而其他一些近期的综述则探讨了这些酶在疾病中的作用[1 - 3]。此前尚未有任何详细程度的综述涉及PAD蛋白在女性生殖中的作用。鉴于：（1）PAD家族成员在女性生殖组织中高度表达；（2）早期一些关于PAD的文献表明PADs在女性生殖中起关键作用；（3）我们的研究表明，卵母细胞和早期胚胎中特异性表达的PAD6对女性生殖至关重要，我们认为有必要对这一主题进行更全面的综述。
