Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Backgrounds of Physiotherapy, Higher School of Administration, Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2012 Jun;25(3):265-74. doi: 10.2478/S13382-012-0034-6. Epub 2012 Jul 13.
The most frequent manner of attending childbirth imposes on midwives assuming poor body position affecting the musculoskeletal system. Long professional experience does not mitigate the negative effects. The adopted movement habit, as well as the type, number and frequency of actions influence the body posture. The aim of the study was to identify ergonomic threats of basic occupational midwives activities and how particular spinal segments arrangements while attending childbirth using the same technique in senior midwives differ from those of junior ones. It was also checked whether pain influences the working position assumed by midwives.
Examinations were conducted in 95 midwives aged 21-50 (X = 29.25 ± 9.34): 51 graduates of BSc midwifery who worked 680 h in delivery rooms during obligatory practical classes and apprenticeship and 44 senior midwives with professional experience of 7-27 years (X = 14.84 ± 5.98). The study was threefold. The spinal alignment while performing work activities associated with attending childbirth was assessed using the OWAS system and the SonoSens Monitor, the center of gravity projection on basal plane--using the AccuGait AMTI stabilometric platform. The measurements were taken during a simulation of attending childbirth (on examination model). A survey was conducted aimed at identifying spinal pain.
Midwives' working postures require unnatural body alignments. Postural instability in the working position and no maximal usage of basal plane were observed. The work overload may afflict the musculoskeletal system, which was confirmed by different pain discomforts in 67.3% of the examinees.
Spinal alignment while attending childbirth is individually differentiated and in every case non-ergonomic. Identifying explicitly spinal overloads is difficult, but the most prevalent ones affect lumbar and cervical regions altogether. Spinal pain is frequently noted, both in junior and senior midwives, and is characteristic for midwives working in maximal movement ranges.
最常见的分娩方式要求助产士采取不良的身体姿势，从而影响肌肉骨骼系统。长期的专业经验并不能减轻负面影响。所采用的运动习惯以及动作的类型、数量和频率都会影响身体姿势。本研究的目的是确定基本职业助产士活动的人体工程学威胁，以及在使用相同技术的高级助产士和初级助产士中，分娩时特定脊柱节段的排列方式有何不同。还检查了疼痛是否会影响助产士所采取的工作姿势。
共检查了 95 名年龄在 21-50 岁的助产士（X = 29.25 ± 9.34）：51 名 BSc 助产士毕业生，在产房完成了 680 小时的强制性实践课程和学徒期，44 名有 7-27 年专业经验的高级助产士（X = 14.84 ± 5.98）。该研究分为三个阶段。使用 OWAS 系统和 SonoSens Monitor 评估与分娩护理相关的工作活动时的脊柱排列情况，使用 AccuGait AMTI 平衡平台评估基础平面上的重心投影。测量是在分娩模拟（检查模型）期间进行的。还进行了一项调查，旨在确定脊柱疼痛。
助产士的工作姿势需要不自然的身体姿势。在工作位置中观察到姿势不稳定和基础平面未被充分利用。工作负荷可能会影响肌肉骨骼系统，这在 67.3%的受检者中表现为不同程度的疼痛不适。
分娩时的脊柱排列因人而异，且在每种情况下均不符合人体工程学。明确识别脊柱超负荷很困难，但最常见的超负荷会影响整个腰椎和颈椎区域。无论是初级还是高级助产士，都经常出现脊柱疼痛，这是在最大运动范围内工作的助产士的特征。
