年轻女性月经痛的流行情况：什么是痛经？
Prevalence of menstrual pain in young women: what is dysmenorrhea?
机构信息
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy.
出版信息
J Pain Res. 2012;5:169-74. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S30602. Epub 2012 Jun 20.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to determine the frequency of dysmenorrhea, as identified by different definitions, in a population of young women, and to investigate factors associated with this complaint.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A final group of 408 young women completed a self-assessment questionnaire. This was a cross-sectional analytical study.
RESULTS
Menstrual pain was reported by 84.1% of women, with 43.1% reporting that pain occurred during every period, and 41% reporting that pain occurred during some periods. Women with menstrual pain had an earlier menarche (P = 0.0002) and a longer menstrual flow (P = 0.006), and this group was characterized as having a higher prevalence of smokers (P = 0.031) and a lower prevalence of hormonal contraception users (P = 0.015). Pain intensity was correlated (r = 0.302, P < 0.0001) positively with menstrual flow length (CR = 0.336), history of abortions (CR = 3.640), and gynecological pathologies (CR = 0.948), and negatively with age at menarche (CR = -0.225), use of hormonal contraception (CR = -0.787), and history of gynecological surgery (CR = -2.115). Considering the parameters of menstrual pain, a need for medication, and inability to function normally (absenteeism from study or social activities) alone or together, the prevalence of dysmenorrhea is 84.1% when considering only menstrual pain, 55.2% when considering the association between menstrual pain and need for medication, 31.9% when considering the association between menstrual pain and absenteeism, and 25.3% when considering the association between menstrual pain, need for medication, and absenteeism (P < 0.0001). The probability of having more severe dysmenorrhea is directly related to pain intensity as measured by a visual analog scale, but does not coincide with it.
CONCLUSION
Menstrual pain is a very common problem, but the need for medication and the inability to function normally occurs less frequently. Nevertheless, at least one in four women experiences distressing menstrual pain characterized by a need for medication and absenteeism from study or social activities.
目的
本研究旨在确定不同定义下年轻女性人群中痛经的发生频率，并探讨与该主诉相关的因素。
材料与方法
最终共有 408 名年轻女性完成了自我评估问卷。这是一项横断面分析研究。
结果
84.1%的女性报告存在经期疼痛，其中 43.1%报告每次经期均疼痛，41%报告部分经期疼痛。有经期疼痛的女性初潮更早（P=0.0002），经期流血时间更长（P=0.006），且这组人群中吸烟者更多（P=0.031），激素避孕使用者更少（P=0.015）。疼痛强度与经期流血时间（CR=0.336）、流产史（CR=3.640）和妇科疾病史（CR=0.948）呈正相关（r=0.302，P<0.0001），与初潮年龄（CR=-0.225）、激素避孕使用（CR=-0.787）和妇科手术史（CR=-2.115）呈负相关。考虑到经期疼痛的参数、单独或共同需要药物治疗以及无法正常运作（缺课或社会活动缺勤），仅考虑经期疼痛时痛经的发生率为 84.1%，考虑经期疼痛与需要药物治疗的关联时为 55.2%，考虑经期疼痛与缺勤的关联时为 31.9%，考虑经期疼痛、需要药物治疗和缺勤的关联时为 25.3%（P<0.0001）。更严重痛经的可能性与视觉模拟量表测量的疼痛强度直接相关，但并不完全一致。
结论
经期疼痛是一个非常普遍的问题，但需要药物治疗和无法正常运作的情况则较为少见。然而，至少有四分之一的女性经历着令人痛苦的经期疼痛，其特征是需要药物治疗和缺课或社会活动缺勤。
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