Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013 Aug 1;19(4):400-14. doi: 10.1089/ars.2012.4777. Epub 2012 Sep 10.
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles capable of changing their shape and distribution by undergoing either fission or fusion. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics, which is under the control of specific mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins, have been implicated in cell division, embryonic development, apoptosis, autophagy, and metabolism. Although the machinery for modulating mitochondrial dynamics is present in the cardiovascular system, its function there has only recently been investigated. In this article, we review the emerging role of mitochondrial dynamics in cardiovascular health and disease.
Changes in mitochondrial dynamics have been implicated in vascular smooth cell proliferation, cardiac development and differentiation, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardioprotection, and heart failure.
Many of the experimental studies investigating mitochondrial dynamics in the cardiovascular system have been confined to cardiac cell lines, vascular cells, or neonatal cardiomyocytes, in which mitochondria are distributed throughout the cytoplasm and are free to move. However, in the adult heart where mitochondrial movements are restricted by their tightly-packed distribution along myofibrils or beneath the subsarcolemma, the relevance of mitochondrial dynamics is less obvious. The investigation of transgenic mice deficient in cardiac mitochondrial fission or fusion proteins should help elucidate the role of mitochondrial dynamics in the adult heart.
Investigating the role of mitochondrial dynamics in cardiovascular health and disease should result in the identification of novel therapeutic targets for treating patients with cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death and disability globally.
线粒体是一种动态细胞器，能够通过分裂或融合来改变其形状和分布。线粒体动力学的变化受特定的线粒体分裂和融合蛋白的控制，与细胞分裂、胚胎发育、细胞凋亡、自噬和代谢有关。尽管心血管系统中存在调节线粒体动力学的机制，但最近才开始研究其功能。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了线粒体动力学在心血管健康和疾病中的新作用。
线粒体动力学的变化与血管平滑肌细胞增殖、心脏发育和分化、心肌细胞肥大、心肌缺血再灌注损伤、心脏保护和心力衰竭有关。
许多研究心血管系统中线粒体动力学的实验研究仅限于心脏细胞系、血管细胞或新生心肌细胞，这些细胞中的线粒体分布在细胞质中，可以自由移动。然而，在成年心脏中，线粒体的运动受到其沿肌原纤维或肌小节下紧密排列的限制，线粒体动力学的相关性就不那么明显了。研究心脏中线粒体分裂或融合蛋白缺失的转基因小鼠应该有助于阐明线粒体动力学在成年心脏中的作用。
研究线粒体动力学在心血管健康和疾病中的作用，应该能够确定治疗心血管疾病患者的新治疗靶点，心血管疾病是全球死亡和残疾的主要原因。
