Childhood Obesity Research Group, Fundación Mexicana para la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.
Adv Nutr. 2012 Jul 1;3(4):622S-628S. doi: 10.3945/an.112.001974.
Diet and physical activity (PA) are essential components of nutritional status. Adequate nutrition and an active lifestyle are key factors during childhood, because food habits track into adulthood. Children spend more time in school than in any other environment away from home. Studying the diet factors and patterns of PA that affect obesity risk in children during school hours and the complete school day can help identify opportunities to lower this risk. We directly measured the time children spent performing moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) at school, compared the amount and intensity of PA during school hours with after-school hours, and tried to determine if diet behaviors and PA or inactivity were associated with excess weight and body fat. This cross-sectional study included 143 normal-weight (NLW) and 48 obese children aged 8-10 y. Diet data were obtained from two 24-h recalls. Body composition was measured by bioimpedance. Screen time and sports participation data were self-reported. NLW children drank/ate more dairy servings than the obese children, who consumed more fruit-flavored water than the NLW group. Consumption of soft drinks, sugar-added juices, and fresh juices was low in both groups. Children were less active during school hours than after school. MVPA was lower during school hours in the obese group than in the NLW group. Schools, parents, and authorities should be more involved in promoting strategies to improve the dietary habits and PA levels of school-aged children, because this group is not achieving the recommended level of daily MVPA.
饮食和身体活动（PA）是营养状况的重要组成部分。充足的营养和积极的生活方式是儿童时期的关键因素，因为饮食习惯会延续到成年期。儿童在学校的时间比在家以外的任何其他环境都多。研究在上学时间和整个上学日影响儿童肥胖风险的饮食因素和 PA 模式，可以帮助确定降低这种风险的机会。我们直接测量了儿童在学校进行中等至剧烈 PA（MVPA）的时间，比较了在校时间和放学后时间的 PA 量和强度，并试图确定饮食行为和 PA 或不活动是否与超重和体脂肪有关。这项横断面研究包括 143 名正常体重（NLW）和 48 名肥胖儿童（8-10 岁）。饮食数据来自两次 24 小时回忆。身体成分通过生物阻抗法测量。屏幕时间和运动参与数据由自我报告。NLW 儿童比肥胖儿童喝/吃更多的奶制品，而肥胖儿童比 NLW 组喝更多的水果味水。两组儿童都很少喝软饮料、加糖果汁和新鲜果汁。儿童在校时间的活动量低于放学后。肥胖组在校时间的 MVPA 低于 NLW 组。学校、家长和当局应更多地参与促进策略，以改善学龄儿童的饮食习惯和 PA 水平，因为这一群体没有达到推荐的每日 MVPA 水平。
