Abd-Elghafar S F, Appel A G, Mack T P
Department of Entomology, Auburn University, Alabama 36849.
J Econ Entomol. 1990 Dec;83(6):2290-4. doi: 10.1093/jee/83.6.2290.
Toxicity of bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, hydramethylnon, malathion, propetamphos, propoxur, and pyrethrins against the adult German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), was investigated. At LD50, cyfluthrin was the most toxic insecticide to adult males (0.53 microgram/g), adult females (1.2 micrograms/g), and gravid females (0.85 microgram/g). Malathion was the least toxic insecticide to adult males (464.83 micrograms/g), adult females (335.83 micrograms/g), and gravid females (275.90 micrograms/g). Males and gravid females were generally more sensitive than nongravid females to the insecticides that we tested. In tests with malathion, however, males were more tolerant. The order of toxicity of the insecticide classes varied among the stages of adult German cockroaches. The order of toxicity for males and nongravid females was pyrethroids greater than pyrethrins = organophosphates (except malathion) greater than carbamates = amidinohydrazone. The order of toxicity for gravid females was pyrethroids greater than pyrethrins = organophosphates (except malathion) greater than carbamates greater than amidinohydrazone. These differences in toxicity suggest that sex differences should be considered when determining insecticide toxicity for German cockroaches.
研究了残杀威、毒死蜱、氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟蚁腙、马拉硫磷、丙溴磷、残杀威和除虫菊酯对德国小蠊成虫（德国小蠊，L.）的毒性。在半数致死剂量下，氟氯氰菊酯对成年雄性（0.53微克/克）、成年雌性（1.2微克/克）和妊娠雌性（0.85微克/克）是毒性最强的杀虫剂。马拉硫磷对成年雄性（464.83微克/克）、成年雌性（335.83微克/克）和妊娠雌性（275.90微克/克）是毒性最低的杀虫剂。雄性和妊娠雌性通常比非妊娠雌性对我们测试的杀虫剂更敏感。然而，在马拉硫磷测试中，雄性更具耐受性。杀虫剂类别的毒性顺序在德国小蠊成虫的不同阶段有所不同。雄性和非妊娠雌性的毒性顺序为拟除虫菊酯类＞除虫菊酯类 = 有机磷酸酯类（马拉硫磷除外）＞氨基甲酸酯类 = 脒腙类。妊娠雌性的毒性顺序为拟除虫菊酯类＞除虫菊酯类 = 有机磷酸酯类（马拉硫磷除外）＞氨基甲酸酯类＞脒腙类。这些毒性差异表明，在确定德国小蠊的杀虫剂毒性时应考虑性别差异。
