Zhu Hai-Feng, Yang Ying, Li Jiong-Yi, Li Xian-Min, Ma Ai-Guo
Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012 Mar;46(3):228-32.
To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and influencing factors among employees of a company in Qingdao.
Through questionnaires, physical examination, thyroid ultrasonography and urinary iodine test, personal health information and examinations of thyroid nodules of 9612 serving and retired employees in a company in 2010 who had lived in Qingdao for more than 5 years were collected to investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and its influencing factors.
The prevalence of thyroid nodules was 36.56% (3514/9612). The prevalence rates of single nodules and multiple nodules were 18.39% (1768/9612) and 18.16% (1746/9612) respectively. With increasing urinary iodine level, the prevalence of multiple thyroid nodules decreased from 25.51% (366/14350)(urinary iodine < or = 100 microg/L) to 12.99% (214/1648) (urinary iodine > 300 microg/L) showing a clear downward trend (chi2 = 67.11, P < 0.01). The prevalence rates of thyroid nodules among males and females were 31.28% (2283/7299) and 53.22% (1231/2313) (P < 0.01) respectively. With increasing age, the prevalence of thyroid nodules gradually increased from 7.95% (67/843) (19 - 29 years old) to 58.81% (267/454) ( >70 years old) among males and increased from 23.74% (33/139) (19 - 29 years old) to 80.38% (127/158) ( >70 years old) among females. The prevalence of thyroid nodules among males and females showed an increasing trend with age (male: chi2 = 434.12, P < 0.01; female: chi2 = 40.74, P < 0.01). The results of logistic regression showed that compared with males, females were more susceptible to thyroid nodules (OR = 2.809, 95% CI: 2.444 - 3.228). Smoking (OR = 1.394, 95% CI: 1.249 - 1.556), hypertension (OR = 1.155, 95% CI: 1.040 - 1.282), diabetes ( OR = 1.228, 95% CI: 1.039 - 1.452) and overweight (OR = 1.199, 95% CI: 1.078 - 1.333) might be risk factors for thyroid nodules after adjusting for age and gender.
The prevalence of thyroid nodules was high among the employees. In order to reduce the thyroid nodules, smoking cessation and weight control should be promoted. Blood pressure and glucose level should be actively controlled for patients with hypertension and (or) diabetes.
调查青岛某公司员工甲状腺结节的患病率及其影响因素。
通过问卷调查、体格检查、甲状腺超声检查及尿碘检测，收集2010年该公司9612名在职及退休且在青岛居住5年以上员工的个人健康信息及甲状腺结节检查情况，以调查甲状腺结节的患病率及其影响因素。
甲状腺结节患病率为36.56%（3514/9612）。单发结节和多发结节的患病率分别为18.39%（1768/9612）和18.16%（1746/9612）。随着尿碘水平升高，甲状腺多发结节的患病率从25.51%（366/1435）（尿碘≤100μg/L）降至12.99%（214/1648）（尿碘＞300μg/L），呈明显下降趋势（χ²=67.11，P＜0.01）。男性和女性甲状腺结节的患病率分别为31.28%（2283/7299）和53.22%（1231/2313）（P＜0.01）。随着年龄增长男性甲状腺结节患病率从7.95%（67/843）（19 - 29岁）逐渐升至58.81%（267/454）（＞70岁），女性从23.74%（33/139）（19 - 29岁）升至80.38%（127/158）（＞70岁）。男性和女性甲状腺结节患病率均随年龄增长呈上升趋势（男性：χ²=434.12，P＜0.01；女性：χ²=40.74，P＜0.01）。Logistic回归结果显示，与男性相比，女性更易患甲状腺结节（OR = 2.80, 95%CI：2.444 - 3.228）。校正年龄和性别后，吸烟（OR = 1.394, 95%CI：1.249 - 1.556）、高血压（OR = 1.155, 95%CI：1.040 - 1.282）、糖尿病（OR = 1.228, 95%CI：1.039 - 1.452）及超重（OR = 1.199, 95%CI：1.078 - 1.333）可能是甲状腺结节的危险因素。
该公司员工甲状腺结节患病率较高。为减少甲状腺结节，应提倡戒烟和控制体重。高血压和（或）糖尿病患者应积极控制血压和血糖水平。
