Parvizi Parviz, Akhoundi Mohammad, Mirzaei Hanieh
Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Dept. of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, Reims, France.
Iran Biomed J. 2012;16(2):113-20. doi: 10.6091/ibj.1038.2012.
Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) due to Leishmania major is increasing in many parts of Iran. This disease originally is a disease found in gerbils. Leishmania parasites are transmitted by sandflies that live and breed in gerbil burrows. Nested PCR amplified Leishmania ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene in both main reservoir host "Rhombomys opimus" and in the "Phlebotomus papatasi" main vector of ZCL, in Iran. Population differentiation and seasonal variation of sandflies were analyzed at a microgeographical level in order to identify any isolation by distance, habitat or seasons.
Populations of sandflies were sampled from the edges of villages in Natanz, Isfahan province, Iran, using the Centers for Disease Control traps and sticky papers. Individual sandflies were identified based on external and internal morphological characters. Nested PCR protocols were used to amplify Leishmania ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene, which were shown to be species-specific via DNA sequence.
A total of 4500 sandflies were collected and identified. P. papatasi, Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus jacusieli from genus Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia sintoni and Sergentomyia clydei from genus Sergentomyia were identified in this region. P. papatasi was the most abundant sandfly in the collections. Ten out of 549 female P. papatasi and four out of 19 R. opimus were found to be infected with L. major.
Seasonal activity of sandflies starts in June and ends in November. Abundance of P. papatasi was in September. Finding and molecular typing of L. major in P. papatasi and R. opimus confirmed the main vector and reservoir in this region.
由硕大利什曼原虫引起的人兽共患皮肤利什曼病（ZCL）在伊朗许多地区呈上升趋势。这种疾病最初是在沙鼠中发现的疾病。利什曼原虫寄生虫由生活在沙鼠洞穴中并在其中繁殖的白蛉传播。在伊朗，采用巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增了主要储存宿主“大沙鼠”和ZCL主要传播媒介“巴氏白蛉”中的利什曼原虫ITS1-5.8S rRNA基因。在微观地理层面分析了白蛉的种群分化和季节变化，以确定是否存在距离隔离、栖息地隔离或季节隔离。
使用美国疾病控制中心的诱捕器和粘纸，从伊朗伊斯法罕省纳坦兹村边缘采集白蛉种群。根据外部和内部形态特征鉴定单个白蛉。采用巢式PCR方案扩增利什曼原虫ITS1-5.8S rRNA基因，通过DNA序列显示其具有种特异性。
共收集并鉴定了4500只白蛉。在该地区鉴定出了白蛉属的巴氏白蛉、塞氏白蛉和雅库西白蛉，以及司蛉属的辛氏司蛉和克莱德氏司蛉。巴氏白蛉是采集样本中数量最多的白蛉。在549只雌性巴氏白蛉中有10只、在19只大沙鼠中有4只被发现感染了硕大利什曼原虫。
白蛉的季节性活动始于6月，结束于11月。巴氏白蛉数量最多的月份是9月。在巴氏白蛉和大沙鼠中发现硕大利什曼原虫并进行分子分型，证实了该地区的主要传播媒介和储存宿主。
