Denervation-induced changes in alpha and beta adrenergic receptors of the rat submandibular gland.

Denervation resulted in a marked increase in the beta adrenergic response and isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate accumulation of dispersed cells prepared from a rat submandibular gland. This increase in beta adrenergic response was paralleled by an increase in the density of beta adrenergic receptors in membranes prepared from these glands. Denervation also produced a moderate increase in alpha adrenergic receptor density in membranes prepared from whole glands. However, the alpha adrenergic response in cells, epinephrine-induced release of potassium, appeared unaltered by denervation. Furthermore, membranes prepared from denervated dispersed cells did not show the increase in alpha adrenergic receptor density seen in membranes from an intact denervated gland. These data demonstrate that removal of noradrenergic nerve terminals affects alpha and beta adrenergic receptors differently. While it is clear that beta adrenergic membrane receptors participate in denervation-induced supersensitivity, the changes in alpha adrenergic membrane receptors are more complex and may not contribute to the supersensitivity seen after denervation. On the basis of competitive binding studies, the adrenergic receptors in membranes from intact submandibular glands were subclassified as beta-1 and alpha-2. Denervation did not alter the binding characteristics of the alpha-2 receptors in this gland, demonstrating that alpha-2 adrenergic membrane receptors can be postsynaptic in this adrenergically innervated tissue.