Mattila Elina, Leino Kaija, Paavilainen Eija, Astedt-Kurki Päivi
Division of Surgery, Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2009 Sep;23(3):611-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2008.00652.x. Epub 2009 Jun 23.
The development of evidence-based practice is a major current challenge in the fields of nursing practice and nursing research. A concerted effort is needed to develop and test interventions and to assess their impacts. The illness of one family member inevitably affects other family members and the whole family. Nursing interventions should be so designed that they support and enhance the life situation of both patients and their families. The aim of this study is to undertake a systematic review of nursing intervention studies on patients and family members published in international databases in 2001-2006. The main focus was on the targets, methods and impacts of interventions. The articles for the review were searched from Medline and Cinahl (n = 31) and analysed by content analysis and the RE-AIM evaluation model. The results showed that the interventions were targeted at patients with chronic diseases and individual family members. In addition to support components, the interventions included elements of teaching, counselling and education. The preliminary evidence indicated that the interventions were effective in relieving the burden of care and depressive symptoms of family members of Alzheimer, cancer, stroke and schizophrenia patients as well as in promoting their quality of life and coping. Nursing interventions are still in the development and testing phase. The challenge for the future is to broaden the scope and application of interventions in different nursing environments. Assessments of the efficacy of interventions should also consider their adaptation, implementation and maintenance in practical nursing.
循证实践的发展是当前护理实践和护理研究领域的一项重大挑战。需要齐心协力来开发和测试干预措施，并评估其影响。一名家庭成员的疾病不可避免地会影响其他家庭成员以及整个家庭。护理干预措施的设计应能支持并改善患者及其家庭的生活状况。本研究的目的是对2001年至2006年在国际数据库中发表的关于患者及其家庭成员的护理干预研究进行系统综述。主要关注干预措施的目标、方法和影响。从Medline和Cinahl中检索了用于综述的文章（n = 31），并通过内容分析和RE - AIM评估模型进行分析。结果表明，干预措施的目标是患有慢性病的患者和个别家庭成员。除了支持性组成部分外，干预措施还包括教学、咨询和教育等内容。初步证据表明，这些干预措施在减轻阿尔茨海默病、癌症、中风和精神分裂症患者家庭成员的护理负担和抑郁症状以及提高他们的生活质量和应对能力方面是有效的。护理干预措施仍处于开发和测试阶段。未来的挑战是扩大干预措施在不同护理环境中的范围和应用。对干预措施效果的评估还应考虑其在实际护理中的适应性、实施情况和维持情况。
