Vriezen E R, Moscovitch M
Department of Psychology, Erindale College, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Neuropsychologia. 1990;28(12):1283-93. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90044-o.
The performance of Parkinson's patients was compared to that of normal controls on memory for temporal order and conditional associative-learning tasks, each of which is sensitive to frontal-lobe dysfunction. Memory for temporal order involved reconstructing the presentation order of each of a series of drawings, words and designs. Recognition of similar stimuli was also examined. Parkinson's patients exhibited poor memory for the relative temporal relations between stimuli, though no group differences were observed in the number of stimuli placed in the correct position. Recognition was intact in the Parkinson's patients, and an absence of correlation between performance on the recognition and temporal order tasks indicates that the poor memory for temporal order is not simply a function of degraded memory for the individual stimuli. The conditional associative-learning task required subjects to learn, either by trial-and-error or with immediate correction, numbers paired with drawings, designs or spatial locations. Parkinson's patients were impaired only when learning by trial-and-error was required. Results suggest that the strategic retrieval processes involved in both memory for temporal order and learning conditional associations by trial-and-error depend on the integrity of the fronto-striatal system, which is known to be affected in Parkinson's disease.
研究人员将帕金森病患者在时间顺序记忆和条件性联想学习任务上的表现与正常对照组进行了比较，这两项任务对额叶功能障碍均较为敏感。时间顺序记忆要求重构一系列图画、单词和设计的呈现顺序，同时也对相似刺激的识别进行了检测。帕金森病患者在刺激的相对时间关系记忆方面表现较差，不过在正确放置的刺激数量上未观察到组间差异。帕金森病患者的识别能力完好，且识别任务与时间顺序任务的表现之间不存在相关性，这表明时间顺序记忆不佳并非仅仅是单个刺激记忆退化的结果。条件性联想学习任务要求受试者通过试错或即时纠正来学习与图画、设计或空间位置配对的数字。帕金森病患者仅在需要通过试错学习时表现受损。结果表明，时间顺序记忆和试错学习条件性联想所涉及的策略性检索过程依赖于额纹状体系统的完整性，而帕金森病已知会影响该系统。
