Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Prof. Albareda 1 Apdo. 419, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2012 Oct;89(6):708-16. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.026. Epub 2012 Jul 19.
ADOR is an aqueous extract obtained from the dry olive mill residue (DOR) which contains the majority of its soluble phenolic compounds, which are responsible for its phytotoxic properties. Some studies have shown that ADOR negatively affects seed germination. However, to date, few studies have been carried out on the effect of ADOR on the oxidative stress of the plant. It is well known that saprobe fungi can detoxify these phenolic compounds and reduce the potential negative effects of ADOR on plants. To gain a better understanding of the phytotoxic effects and oxidative stress caused by this residue, tomato seeds were germinated in the presence of ADOR, treated and untreated with Coriolopsis rigida, Trametes versicolor, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus and Penicillium chrysogenum-10 saprobe fungi. ADOR sharply reduced tomato seed germination and also generated high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2). However, bioremediated ADOR did not negatively affect germination and reduced MDA, O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2) content in different ways depending on the fungus used. In addition, the induced defense response was studied by analyzing the activity of both antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, ascorbate peroxidasa, glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidases and coniferil alcohol peroxidasa) and detoxification enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase (GST)). Our findings suggest that, because ADOR is capable of inducing oxidative stress, tomato seedlings trigger a defense response through SOD, GR, and GST activity and through antioxidant and lignification processes. On the other hand, the bioremediation of ADOR plays an important role in counteracting the oxidative stress induced by the untreated residue.
ADOR 是从橄榄压榨废渣（DOR）中提取的水性提取物，其中包含其大部分可溶性酚类化合物，这些化合物是其具有植物毒性的原因。一些研究表明 ADOR 会对种子发芽产生负面影响。然而，迄今为止，关于 ADOR 对植物氧化应激影响的研究很少。众所周知，腐生真菌可以解毒这些酚类化合物，从而降低 ADOR 对植物的潜在负面影响。为了更好地了解该残留物的植物毒性作用和氧化应激，在 ADOR 存在的情况下对番茄种子进行发芽实验，并用 Coriolopsis rigida、Trametes versicolor、Pycnoporus cinnabarinus 和 Penicillium chrysogenum-10 种腐生真菌对 ADOR 进行了处理和未处理。ADOR 显著降低了番茄种子的发芽率，同时产生了高水平的丙二醛（MDA）、O(2)(-)和 H(2)O(2)。然而，生物修复的 ADOR 并没有对发芽产生负面影响，并且根据使用的真菌，以不同的方式降低 MDA、O(2)(-)和 H(2)O(2)的含量。此外，通过分析抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）、过氧化物酶和枞醇过氧化物酶）和解毒酶（谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST））的活性来研究诱导的防御反应。我们的研究结果表明，由于 ADOR 能够诱导氧化应激，番茄幼苗通过 SOD、GR 和 GST 活性以及通过抗氧化和木质素化过程触发防御反应。另一方面，ADOR 的生物修复在对抗未处理残渣引起的氧化应激方面起着重要作用。
