Pikora Terri J, Braham Rebecca, Mills Christina
School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W.A., Australia.
Med Sport Sci. 2012;58:80-97. doi: 10.1159/000338583. Epub 2012 Jul 18.
The objective of this review was to summarize the epidemiological literature for surfboard riding (surfing), kite surfing and personal watercraft (PWC) riding injuries and describe the incidence and nature of these injuries, common risk factors, and strategies for prevention. The databases searched for relevant publications included Medline, ScienceDirect, ProQuest International, PubMed, Academic Search Premier as well as Google Scholar to identify additional, non-indexed studies. Overall, there was a lack of good quality descriptive studies for these three sports and many of the studies reviewed involved the use of administrative datasets or case-series designs. Among the few studies to provide incidence estimates, there were inconsistencies in how injury was defined, the inclusion criteria, and the reporting of incidence rates, making comparisons within and between the sports difficult. While the reported incidence rates were generally low, head and lower extremity injuries were common across all three sports. Only two studies reported evidence for postulated risk factors. Bigger waves and surfing over rock or reef sea floor increased the risk of injury among competitive surfers, while older age and having more experience increased the risk of significant injuries among recreational surfers. No evaluations of preventative measures were identified. This review demonstrates the need for well-designed epidemiological research, especially studies that focus on the accurate measurement and description of incidence, nature, severity and circumstances of injuries. Once this has occurred, interventions targeted at reducing the incidence of injuries among these sports can be designed, implemented and evaluated.
本综述的目的是总结有关冲浪板冲浪（冲浪）、风筝冲浪和个人水上摩托（PWC）骑行受伤情况的流行病学文献，并描述这些损伤的发生率和性质、常见风险因素以及预防策略。检索相关出版物的数据库包括医学在线数据库（Medline）、科学Direct数据库、ProQuest国际数据库、PubMed数据库、学术搜索高级版以及谷歌学术搜索，以识别其他未被索引的研究。总体而言，针对这三项运动缺乏高质量的描述性研究，且许多被综述的研究涉及行政数据集的使用或病例系列设计。在少数提供发病率估计的研究中，损伤的定义、纳入标准以及发病率报告方式存在不一致，使得不同运动之间以及同一运动内部的比较变得困难。虽然报告的发病率通常较低，但在所有三项运动中，头部和下肢损伤都很常见。只有两项研究报告了假定风险因素的证据。更大的海浪以及在岩石或珊瑚礁海底冲浪会增加竞技冲浪者受伤的风险，而年龄较大和经验更丰富则会增加休闲冲浪者遭受严重损伤的风险。未发现对预防措施的评估。本综述表明需要精心设计的流行病学研究，尤其是专注于准确测量和描述损伤的发生率、性质、严重程度及情况的研究。一旦完成这些研究，就可以设计、实施并评估旨在降低这些运动中受伤发生率的干预措施。
