Larson A Noelle, McIntosh Amy L
Division of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Med Sport Sci. 2012;58:158-72. doi: 10.1159/000338728. Epub 2012 Jul 18.
Off-road motorsports are popular in rural and suburban areas, and allow for racing, recreation, and easy access to backcountry destinations. This chapter will review the incidence and types of injuries sustained in off-road motorsports. We completed a structured review of motocross and all-terrain vehicle (ATV) injuries, assessing for injury rates, risk factors, and mortality figures. Information for this study was obtained from a PubMed search under the terms 'motocross', 'motorcross', 'all-terrain vehicles', 'injury', 'motorcycle', 'ATV'. Abstracts and articles in the English language from 1980 onward were reviewed. Further statistics were obtained from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission publications. Operating vehicles off-road requires coordination, experience, and training. Motocross is an organized sport with national associations governing the competition of highly trained athletes. ATVs are used both recreationally and commercially, typically for farming and ranching. ATV use appears more dangerous that motocross, with a higher mortality rate, disproportionately for children. Both sports continue to have high rates of head, spinal cord, and extremity injury. Future prospective studies in off-road motorsports should evaluate the risk factors for injury and target specific areas for injury prevention. Improved training programs, use and improvement of safety helmets, and for ATV use, limiting access to minors, may improve the overall safety of off-road motorsports.
越野赛车运动在农村和郊区很受欢迎，可用于比赛、娱乐，还能便捷地前往偏远地区。本章将回顾越野赛车运动中受伤的发生率和类型。我们对摩托车越野赛和全地形车（ATV）受伤情况进行了结构化综述，评估了受伤率、风险因素和死亡率数据。本研究的信息通过在PubMed上以“摩托车越野赛”“摩托越野赛”“全地形车”“受伤”“摩托车”“ATV”为关键词进行检索获得。对1980年以后的英文摘要和文章进行了综述。进一步的统计数据来自美国消费品安全委员会的出版物。在越野驾驶车辆需要具备协调性、经验和训练。摩托车越野赛是一项有全国性协会管理的运动，参赛运动员都经过了高强度训练。全地形车既用于娱乐也用于商业，通常用于农业和畜牧业。全地形车的使用似乎比摩托车越野赛更危险，死亡率更高，对儿童的影响尤为严重。这两项运动的头部、脊髓和四肢受伤率都持续居高不下。未来针对越野赛车运动的前瞻性研究应评估受伤的风险因素，并确定预防受伤的具体领域。改进训练计划、使用和改进安全头盔，以及对于全地形车的使用，限制未成年人使用，可能会提高越野赛车运动的整体安全性。
