Doyscher R, Kraus K, Finke B, Scheibel M
Centrum für Muskuloskeletale Chirurgie (CMSC) und Centrum für Sportwissenschaft und Sportmedizin (CSSB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland.
Orthopade. 2014 Mar;43(3):202-8. doi: 10.1007/s00132-013-2141-x.
During sports the shoulder complex is exposed to considerable load especially where throwing is important and various pathological changes can occur. In the last two decades the shoulder in athletes has become a special term in clinical sports medicine
Selective literature review in PubMed and consideration of personal experience, research results as well as national and international recommendations
In general acute lesions of the shoulder caused by sudden sport injuries, such as traumatic luxation, acromioclavicular (AC) joint disruption, traumatic tendon ruptures, labral lesions, cartilage defects and fractures have to be distinguished from chronic or long-standing pathologies due to recurrent microtrauma, such as overuse bursitis and tendinitis, as well as secondary forms of impingement along with rotator cuff tears and labral lesions. Besides common pathological changes that can be observed in almost all overhead-sports, there are also injuries that are more sport-specific due to the particular load profile in each sport. These injuries are especially common in racquet and throwing sports (e.g. golf, tennis, handball and volleyball) as well as in individual and artistic sports (e.g. swimming, gymnastics, dancing and rowing), contact and extreme sports (e.g. judo, mixed martial arts, bodybuilding, weightlifting, motocross and downhill mountain biking).
Knowledge about sport-specific load profiles as well as about the variety of treatment options is crucial for successful treatment of these injuries.
在体育运动中，肩部复合体承受着相当大的负荷，尤其是在投掷动作至关重要的情况下，可能会出现各种病理变化。在过去二十年中，运动员的肩部已成为临床运动医学中的一个特殊术语。
在PubMed上进行选择性文献综述，并结合个人经验、研究结果以及国家和国际建议。
一般来说，由突然的运动损伤引起的肩部急性损伤，如创伤性脱位、肩锁关节脱位、创伤性肌腱断裂、盂唇损伤、软骨缺损和骨折，必须与因反复微创伤导致的慢性或长期病变区分开来，如过度使用性滑囊炎和肌腱炎，以及继发性撞击综合征伴肩袖撕裂和盂唇损伤。除了几乎在所有过头运动中都能观察到的常见病理变化外，由于每项运动的特定负荷模式，还存在更具运动特异性的损伤。这些损伤在球拍类和投掷类运动（如高尔夫、网球、手球和排球）以及个人和艺术运动（如游泳、体操、舞蹈和划船）、接触性和极限运动（如柔道、综合格斗、健美、举重、摩托车越野和山地速降自行车）中尤为常见。
了解特定运动的负荷模式以及各种治疗选择对于成功治疗这些损伤至关重要。
