Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
Mol Pharm. 2012 Sep 4;9(9):2669-2676. doi: 10.1021/mp3002232. Epub 2012 Aug 7.
Our previous studies have demonstrated that a generation 5 dendrimer (G5) conjugated with both folic acid (FA) and methotrexate (MTX) has a higher chemotherapeutic index than MTX alone. Despite this, batch-to-batch inconsistencies in the number of FA and MTX molecules linked to each dendrimer led to conjugate batches with varying biological activity, especially when scaleup synthesis was attempted. Since the MTX is conjugated through an ester linkage, there were concerns that biological inconsistency could also result from serum esterase activity and differential bioavailability of the targeted conjugate. In order to resolve these problems, we undertook a novel approach to synthesize a polyvalent G5-MTX(n) conjugate through click chemistry, attaching the MTX to the dendrimer through an esterase-stable amide linkage. Surface plasmon resonance binding studies show that a G5-MTX(10) conjugate synthesized in this manner binds to the FA receptor (FR) through polyvalent interaction showing 4300-fold higher affinity than free MTX. The conjugate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, and induces cytotoxicity in FR-expressing KB cells through FR-specific cellular internalization. Thus, the polyvalent MTX on the dendrimer serves the dual role as a targeting molecule as well as a chemotherapeutic drug. The newly synthesized G5-MTX(n) conjugate may serve as a FR-targeted chemotherapeutic with potential for cancer therapy.
我们之前的研究表明,与叶酸(FA)和甲氨蝶呤(MTX)偶联的第五代树枝状大分子(G5)比单独使用 MTX 具有更高的化疗指数。尽管如此,由于每个树枝状大分子上连接的 FA 和 MTX 分子数量批次间存在不一致性,导致偶联物批次的生物活性存在差异,尤其是在尝试放大合成时。由于 MTX 通过酯键连接,因此人们担心生物一致性也可能来自血清酯酶活性和靶向偶联物的差异生物利用度。为了解决这些问题,我们采用了一种新的方法,通过点击化学合成了多价 G5-MTX(n)偶联物,通过酯酶稳定的酰胺键将 MTX 连接到树枝状大分子上。表面等离子体共振结合研究表明,以这种方式合成的 G5-MTX(10)偶联物通过多价相互作用与 FA 受体(FR)结合,亲和力比游离 MTX 高 4300 倍。该偶联物抑制二氢叶酸还原酶,并通过 FR 特异性细胞内化在 FR 表达的 KB 细胞中诱导细胞毒性。因此,树枝状大分子上的多价 MTX 既可以作为靶向分子,也可以作为化疗药物。新合成的 G5-MTX(n)偶联物可作为 FR 靶向化疗药物,具有癌症治疗的潜力。
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