Yang Vítor, Gouveia Maria João, Santos Joana, Koksch Beate, Amorim Irina, Gärtner Fátima, Vale Nuno
Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology , Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS) , University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal . Email:
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) , University of Porto , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 , 4200-135 Porto , Portugal.
RSC Med Chem. 2020 May 28;11(6):646-664. doi: 10.1039/d0md00051e. eCollection 2020 Jun 1.
According to the World Health Organization, cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The previously estimated 14 million new cases in the year of 2012 are expected to rise, yearly, over the following 2 decades. Among women, breast cancer is the most common one. In 2012, almost 1.7 million people were diagnosed worldwide and half a million died from the disease. Despite having several treatments available, from surgery to chemotherapy, most of these treatments have severe adverse effects. Chemotherapy has a narrow therapeutic window and requires high dosage treatment in patients with advanced-stage cancers and further need innovative treatment strategies. Although methotrexate (MTX) is not a first line drug used against breast cancer, however, it might be valuable to fight the disease. MTX is an effective and cheap drug that might impair malignant growth without irreversible damage to normal tissues. Nevertheless, while MTX does present some disadvantages including poor solubility and low permeability, several strategies are being used to discover and provide novel and effective targeted treatment against breast cancer. In this review, we analyze the chemotherapy of breast cancer and its relationship with drug MTX.
根据世界卫生组织的数据，癌症是全球发病和死亡的主要原因之一。先前估计2012年有1400万新病例，预计在接下来的20年里每年都会上升。在女性中，乳腺癌是最常见的。2012年，全球近170万人被诊断出患有乳腺癌，50万人死于该疾病。尽管有多种治疗方法可供选择，从手术到化疗，但这些治疗大多有严重的副作用。化疗的治疗窗口狭窄，晚期癌症患者需要高剂量治疗，因此需要创新的治疗策略。虽然甲氨蝶呤（MTX）不是治疗乳腺癌的一线药物，但它可能对对抗这种疾病有价值。MTX是一种有效且廉价的药物，可能会损害恶性生长而不会对正常组织造成不可逆转的损害。然而，虽然MTX确实存在一些缺点，包括溶解度差和渗透性低，但正在采用几种策略来发现并提供针对乳腺癌的新型有效靶向治疗。在本综述中，我们分析了乳腺癌的化疗及其与药物MTX的关系。
