Nohata Nijiro, Hanazawa Toyoyuki, Kinoshita Takashi, Okamoto Yoshitaka, Seki Naohiko
Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
Auris Nasus Larynx. 2013 Apr;40(2):143-9. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2012.07.001. Epub 2012 Jul 24.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by repressing translation or cleaving RNA transcripts in a sequence-specific manner. Bioinformatic analyses predict that miRNAs regulate more than 30% of protein coding genes. To date, 1921 human mature miRNAs have been registered in miRBase release 18.0 (http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk/). A growing body of evidence suggests that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in many human carcinomas and that they play key roles in the initiation, development and metastasis of human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this review, eight genome-wide miRNA expression profiles were used to selected aberrantly expressed miRNAs (up-regulated and down-regulated miRNAs) in HNSCC clinical specimens including our miRNA profiles of hypopharyngeal and maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma. We discuss recent findings on the aberrant expression of miRNAs and their contribution to human HNSCC oncogenesis.
微小RNA（miRNA）是内源性短链非编码RNA分子，通过以序列特异性方式抑制翻译或切割RNA转录本来调节基因表达。生物信息学分析预测，miRNA可调节超过30%的蛋白质编码基因。截至目前，已有1921个人类成熟miRNA在miRBase 18.0版本（http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk/）中注册。越来越多的证据表明，miRNA在许多人类癌症中表达异常，并且在人类癌症（包括头颈部鳞状细胞癌，HNSCC）的发生、发展和转移中发挥关键作用。在本综述中，我们使用了八个全基因组miRNA表达谱来筛选HNSCC临床标本中异常表达的miRNA（上调和下调的miRNA），包括我们下咽和上颌窦鳞状细胞癌的miRNA谱。我们讨论了关于miRNA异常表达及其对人类HNSCC肿瘤发生贡献的最新发现。
