MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Jul 27;61(29):545-9.
Worldwide, 130-170 million persons are living with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, which, if left untreated, can result in cirrhosis and liver cancer. Egypt has the largest burden of HCV infection in the world, with a 10% prevalence of chronic HCV infection among persons aged 15-59 years. HCV transmission in Egypt is associated primarily with inadequate infection control during medical and dental care procedures. In response, the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) in 2001 implemented a program to reduce health-care-associated HCV transmission and in 2008 launched a program to provide care and treatment. This report describes the progress of these programs, identifies deficiencies, and recommends enhancements, including the establishment of a comprehensive national viral hepatitis control program. Infection control programs implemented in 2001 at MOHP facilities resulted in improvements in infection control practices and a decrease in the annual incidence of HCV infection among dialysis patients from 28% to 6%. Through June 2012, a total of 23 hepatitis treatment facilities had been established in Egypt, providing care and treatment to nearly 190,000 persons with chronic HCV infection. Despite these programs, Egypt continues to face an ongoing hepatitis C epidemic. A comprehensive plan is needed to prevent and control hepatitis C in Egypt. This plan should address increasing community awareness and education, preventing of HCV infection in health-care settings, ensuring a safe blood supply, establishing surveillance and monitoring to track the effectiveness of control programs, and providing care and treatment.
全球有 1.3 亿至 1.7 亿人患有慢性丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV) 感染，如果不加以治疗，可能会导致肝硬化和肝癌。埃及是世界上 HCV 感染负担最重的国家，15 至 59 岁人群中慢性 HCV 感染率为 10%。埃及 HCV 的传播主要与医疗和牙科护理程序中感染控制不足有关。为此，埃及卫生和人口部 (MOHP) 于 2001 年实施了一项旨在减少医源性 HCV 传播的计划，并于 2008 年启动了一项提供护理和治疗的计划。本报告介绍了这些计划的进展情况，确定了不足之处，并提出了改进建议，包括建立一个全面的国家病毒性肝炎控制计划。MOHP 设施于 2001 年实施的感染控制计划改善了感染控制措施，并将透析患者 HCV 年感染率从 28%降至 6%。截至 2012 年 6 月，埃及共设立了 23 家肝炎治疗机构，为近 19 万名慢性 HCV 感染者提供护理和治疗。尽管开展了这些计划，埃及仍面临持续的丙型肝炎流行。埃及需要制定一项全面计划来预防和控制丙型肝炎。该计划应包括提高社区意识和教育，在医疗保健环境中预防 HCV 感染，确保安全的血液供应，建立监测和监测系统以跟踪控制计划的效果，并提供护理和治疗。
