Massey Douglas S, Pren Karen A
Princeton University.
Popul Dev Rev. 2012;38(1):1-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00470.x.
Immigration reforms in the United States initiated in the 1960s are widely thought to have opened the door to mass immigration from Asia and Latin America by eliminating past discriminatory policies. While this may be true for Asians, it is not the case for Latin Americans, who faced more restrictions to legal migration after 1965 than before. The boom in Latin American migration occurred in spite of rather than because of changes in US immigration law. In this article we describe how restrictions placed on the legal entry of Latin Americans, and especially Mexicans, set off a chain of events that in the ensuing decades had the paradoxical effect of producing more rather than fewer Latino immigrants. We offer an explanation for how and why Latinos in the United States, in just 40 years, increased from 9.6 million people and 5 percent of the population to 51 million people and 16 percent of the population, and why so many are now present without authorization.
美国20世纪60年代启动的移民改革被广泛认为通过消除过去的歧视性政策，为来自亚洲和拉丁美洲的大规模移民打开了大门。虽然对亚洲人来说可能确实如此，但对拉丁美洲人而言并非如此，1965年之后，拉丁美洲人面临的合法移民限制比以前更多。拉丁美洲移民的激增是尽管而非由于美国移民法的变化而发生的。在本文中，我们描述了对拉丁美洲人，尤其是墨西哥人合法入境所施加的限制如何引发了一系列事件，这些事件在随后几十年产生了自相矛盾的效果，即产生了更多而非更少的拉丁裔移民。我们解释了美国的拉丁裔如何以及为何在短短40年内从960万人（占人口的5%）增加到5100万人（占人口的16%），以及为何现在有如此多的人未经授权入境。
