“恐惧与安全之声”：来自约旦的一项定性研究，探讨女性对乳腺癌和乳房健康的矛盾态度。
"Voices of fear and safety" women's ambivalence towards breast cancer and breast health: a qualitative study from Jordan.
机构信息
Division of Global Health (IHCAR), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
BMC Womens Health. 2012 Jul 26;12:21. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-12-21.
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality among Jordanian women. Breast malignancies are detected at late stages as a result of deferred breast health-seeking behaviour. The aim of this study was to explore Jordanian women's views and perceptions about breast cancer and breast health.
METHODS
We performed an explorative qualitative study with purposive sampling. Ten focus groups were conducted consisting of 64 women (aged 20 to 65 years) with no previous history and no symptoms of breast cancer from four governorates in Jordan. The transcribed data was analysed using latent content analysis.
RESULTS
Three themes were constructed from the group discussions: a) Ambivalence in prioritizing own health; b) Feeling fear of breast cancer; and c) Feeling safe from breast cancer. The first theme was seen in women's prioritizing children and family needs and in their experiencing family and social support towards seeking breast health care. The second theme was building on women's perception of breast cancer as an incurable disease associated with suffering and death, their fear of the risk of diminished femininity, husband's rejection and social stigmatization, adding to their apprehensions about breast health examinations. The third theme emerged from the women's perceiving themselves as not being in the risk zone for breast cancer and in their accepting breast cancer as a test from God. In contrast, women also experienced comfort in acquiring breast health knowledge that soothed their fears and motivated them to seek early detection examinations.
CONCLUSIONS
Women's ambivalence in prioritizing their own health and feelings of fear and safety could be better addressed by designing breast health interventions that emphasize the good prognosis for breast cancer when detected early, involve breast cancer survivors in breast health awareness campaigns and catalyse family support to encourage women to seek breast health care.
背景
乳腺癌是约旦女性癌症死亡的主要原因。由于推迟进行乳房健康检查，乳房恶性肿瘤在晚期才被发现。本研究旨在探讨约旦女性对乳腺癌和乳房健康的看法和认知。
方法
我们采用目的抽样进行了探索性定性研究。从约旦的四个省中选择了没有乳腺癌既往史和症状且年龄在 20 至 65 岁之间的 64 名女性进行了 10 个焦点小组讨论。使用潜在内容分析法对转录数据进行分析。
结果
从小组讨论中构建了三个主题：a）优先考虑自身健康的矛盾心理；b）对乳腺癌的恐惧；c）对乳腺癌感到安全。第一个主题表现在女性优先考虑孩子和家庭的需求，以及在寻求乳房保健时体验到家庭和社会支持。第二个主题是基于女性对乳腺癌是一种无法治愈的疾病，与痛苦和死亡相关，对失去女性气质、丈夫拒绝和社会污名化的风险的恐惧，以及对乳房健康检查的担忧。第三个主题源于女性认为自己不在乳腺癌风险区域，接受乳腺癌是来自上帝的考验。相比之下，女性在获得缓解恐惧并激励她们进行早期检测的乳房健康知识时也感到舒适。
结论
通过设计强调早期发现乳腺癌良好预后的乳房健康干预措施，让乳腺癌幸存者参与乳房健康宣传活动，并促进家庭支持以鼓励女性寻求乳房保健，可以更好地解决女性在优先考虑自身健康和感到恐惧与安全方面的矛盾心理。
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