Su Xiaoyou, Lau Joseph T F, Mak Winnie W S, Chen Lin, Choi K C, Song Junmin, Zhang Yan, Zhao Guanglu, Feng Tiejian, Chen Xi, Liu Chuliang, Liu Jun, Liu De, Cheng Jinquan
Division of Health Improvement, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Beijing, China.
AIDS Care. 2013;25(2):239-48. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2012.701713. Epub 2012 Jul 27.
Perceived stress among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) was associated with severe mental health problems and risk behaviors. Discrimination toward PLWH in China is prevalent. Both perceived discrimination and social supports are determinants of the stress level among PLWH. Psychological support services for PLWH in China are scarce. It is unknown whether social support is a buffer between the perceived discrimination and perceived stress. With written consent, this study surveyed 258 PLWH recruited from multiple sources in two cities in China. Instruments were validated in previous or the present study, including the perceived stress scale for PLWH (PSSHIV), the perceived social support scale (PSSS), and the perceived discrimination scale for PLWH (PDSHIV). Pearson correlations and multiple regression models were fit. PDSHIV was associated with the Overall Scale and all subscales of PSSHIV, whilst lower socioeconomic status in general and lower scores of PSSS were associated with various subscales of PSSHIV. The interaction item (PSSS×PSDHIV) was nonsignificant in modeling PSSHIV, hence no significant moderating effect was detected. Whilst perceived discrimination is a major source of stress and social support can reduce stress among PLWH in China, improved social support cannot buffer the stressful consequences due to perceived discrimination. The results highlight the importance to reduce discrimination toward PLWH and the difficulty to alleviate its negative consequences. It is warranted to improve mental health among PLWH in China and it is still important to foster social support among PLWH as it has direct effects on perceived stress.
艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者（PLWH）的感知压力与严重的心理健康问题及危险行为相关。在中国，对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者的歧视普遍存在。感知到的歧视和社会支持都是艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者压力水平的决定因素。中国针对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者的心理支持服务匮乏。社会支持是否是感知到的歧视与感知压力之间的缓冲尚不清楚。本研究经书面同意，对在中国两个城市从多个来源招募的258名艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者进行了调查。相关工具在之前或本研究中经过验证，包括艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者感知压力量表（PSSHIV）、感知社会支持量表（PSSS）以及艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者感知歧视量表（PDSHIV）。采用了Pearson相关性分析和多元回归模型。PDSHIV与PSSHIV的总量表及所有子量表相关，而总体较低的社会经济地位和较低的PSSS得分与PSSHIV的各个子量表相关。交互项（PSSS×PSDHIV）在对PSSHIV建模时不显著，因此未检测到显著的调节作用。虽然感知到的歧视是压力的主要来源，社会支持可以减轻中国艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者的压力，但改善社会支持并不能缓冲因感知到的歧视而产生的压力后果。研究结果凸显了减少对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者歧视的重要性以及减轻其负面后果的困难。有必要改善中国艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者的心理健康，并且在艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者中培养社会支持仍然很重要，因为它对感知压力有直接影响。
