Department DAFNAE, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2012 Nov;58(3):259-78. doi: 10.1007/s10493-012-9580-7. Epub 2012 Jul 27.
Kampimodromus aberrans, Typhlodromus pyri and Amblyseius andersoni are generalist predatory mites important in controlling tetranychid and eriophyoid mites in European vineyards. They can persist by exploiting various non-prey foods when their main prey is absent or scarce. A comparative analysis of the effects of various prey and non-prey foods on the life history of these predators is lacking. In the laboratory, predatory mites were reared on herbivorous mites (Panonychus ulmi, Eotetranychus carpini and Colomerus vitis), a potential alternative prey (Tydeus caudatus) and two non-prey foods, i.e. the pollen of Typha latifolia and the mycelium of Grape downy mildew (GDM) Plasmopara viticola. Developmental times, survival, sex ratio and fecundity as well as life table parameters were estimated. Kampimodromus aberrans developed faster on E. carpini, C. vitis or pollen than on P. ulmi and laid more eggs on pollen than on prey. Low numbers of this predator developed on GDM infected leaves. Tydeus caudatus was not suitable as prey for any of the three predatory mites. Kampimodromus aberrans showed the highest intrinsic rate of population increase when fed on pollen. Developmental times of T. pyri on prey or pollen were similar but fecundity was higher on pollen than on P. ulmi. Typhlodromus pyri had higher intrinsic rates of population increase on C. vitis and pollen than on P. ulmi; E. carpini showed intermediate values whereas GDM resulted in the lowest r ( m ) values. Development of A. andersoni females was faster on pollen and C. vitis than on P. ulmi and GDM. Fecundity was higher on pollen and mites compared to GDM. Life table parameters of A. andersoni did not differ when predators were fed with prey or pollen while GDM led to a lower r ( m ) value. On a specific diet A. andersoni exhibited faster development and higher fecundity than T. pyri and K. aberrans. These findings improve knowledge on factors affecting the potential of predatory mites in controlling phytophagous mites in European vineyards.
坎皮多毛螨、苹果全爪螨和巴氏新小绥螨是在欧洲葡萄园控制植食性螨类和瘿螨类的重要捕食性螨类，它们可以在主要猎物缺失或稀少时利用各种非猎物食物来维持生存。然而，目前缺乏对这些捕食性螨类利用各种猎物和非猎物食物对其生活史的影响的比较分析。在实验室中，以植食性螨类（梨圆叶瘿螨、柑橘始叶螨和葡萄短须螨）、一种潜在的替代猎物（茶黄蓟马）以及两种非猎物食物，即香蒲花粉和葡萄霜霉病菌丝体（Plasmopara viticola），来饲养捕食性螨类。估计了发育时间、存活率、性别比例和繁殖力以及生命表参数。坎皮多毛螨在柑橘始叶螨、葡萄短须螨或花粉上的发育速度比在梨圆叶瘿螨上更快，并且在花粉上产卵量比在猎物上更多。该捕食性螨类在感染了葡萄霜霉病菌的叶片上数量很少。茶黄蓟马不适合作为这三种捕食性螨类的猎物。当以花粉为食时，坎皮多毛螨的种群内增长率最高。苹果全爪螨在猎物或花粉上的发育时间相似，但在花粉上的繁殖力高于在梨圆叶瘿螨上。苹果全爪螨在葡萄短须螨和花粉上的种群内增长率高于在梨圆叶瘿螨上，茶黄蓟马则介于两者之间，而葡萄霜霉病菌导致的 r（m）值最低。巴氏新小绥螨雌螨在花粉和葡萄短须螨上的发育速度比在梨圆叶瘿螨和葡萄霜霉病菌上更快，在花粉和螨虫上的繁殖力更高。当捕食者以猎物或花粉为食时，巴氏新小绥螨的生命表参数没有差异，而葡萄霜霉病菌则导致 r（m）值较低。在特定的饮食条件下，巴氏新小绥螨比苹果全爪螨和坎皮多毛螨发育速度更快，繁殖力更高。这些发现提高了对影响捕食性螨类在欧洲葡萄园控制植食性螨类潜力的因素的认识。
