Möth Stefan, Walzer Andreas, Redl Markus, Petrović Božana, Hoffmann Christoph, Winter Silvia
Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany.
Insects. 2021 Feb 19;12(2):180. doi: 10.3390/insects12020180.
Viticultural practices and landscape composition are the main drivers influencing biological pest control in vineyards. Predatory mites, mainly phytoseiid (Phytoseiidae) and tydeoid mites (Tydeidae), are important to control phytophagous mites (Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae) on vines. In the absence of arthropod prey, pollen is an important food source for predatory mites. In 32 paired vineyards located in Burgenland/Austria, we examined the effect of landscape composition, management type (organic/integrated), pesticide use, and cover crop diversity of the inter-row on the densities of phytoseiid, tydeoid, and phytophagous mites. In addition, we sampled pollen on vine leaves. Scheuten was the main phytoseiid mite species and Schruft the main tydeoid species. Interestingly, the area-related acute pesticide toxicity loading was higher in organic than in integrated vineyards. The densities of phytoseiid and tydeoid mites was higher in integrated vineyards and in vineyards with spontaneous vegetation. Their population also profited from an increased viticultural area at the landscape scale. Eriophyoid mite densities were extremely low across all vineyards and spider mites were absent. Biological pest control of phytophagous mites benefits from less intensive pesticide use and spontaneous vegetation cover in vineyard inter-rows, which should be considered in agri-environmental schemes.
葡萄栽培实践和景观构成是影响葡萄园生物害虫防治的主要驱动因素。捕食螨，主要是植绥螨科（Phytoseiidae）和跗线螨科（Tydeidae）的螨类，对于控制葡萄上的植食性螨类（叶螨科Tetranychidae和瘿螨科Eriophyidae）很重要。在没有节肢动物猎物的情况下，花粉是捕食螨的重要食物来源。在奥地利布尔根兰州的32对葡萄园里，我们研究了景观构成、管理类型（有机/综合）、农药使用以及行间覆盖作物多样性对植绥螨科、跗线螨科螨类和植食性螨类密度的影响。此外，我们还在葡萄叶片上采集了花粉样本。朔伊滕是主要的植绥螨种类，施鲁夫是主要的跗线螨种类。有趣的是，有机葡萄园的区域相关急性农药毒性负荷高于综合葡萄园。综合葡萄园以及有自然植被的葡萄园里，植绥螨科和跗线螨科螨类的密度更高。它们的种群数量在景观尺度上也受益于葡萄园面积的增加。所有葡萄园里瘿螨科螨类的密度都极低，且没有叶螨。葡萄园行间减少农药使用强度和自然植被覆盖有利于对植食性螨类进行生物害虫防治，这一点应在农业环境计划中予以考虑。
