Markham A Catherine, Alberts Susan C, Altmann Jeanne
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
Anim Behav. 2012 Aug 1;82(2):399-403. doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.05.009. Epub 2012 Jun 20.
In many social species, competition between groups is a major factor proximately affecting group-level movement patterns and space use and ultimately shaping the evolution of group living and complex sociality. Here we evaluated the factors influencing group-level dominance among 5 social groups of wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus), in particular focusing on the spatial determinants of dominance and the consequences of defeat. When direct conflict occurred between conspecific baboon groups, the winning group was predicted by differences in the number of adult males in each group and/or groups that had used the areas surrounding the encounter location more intensively than their opponent in the preceding 9 or 12 months. Relative intensity of space use over shorter timescales examined (3 and 6 months) was a poor predictor of the interaction's outcome. Losing groups but not winning groups experienced clear short-term costs. Losing groups used the area surrounding the interaction less following an agonistic encounter (relative to their intensity of use of the area prior to the interaction). These findings offer insight into the influences and consequences of intergroup competition on group-level patterns of space use.
在许多社会性物种中，群体间的竞争是一个直接影响群体层面运动模式和空间利用的主要因素，最终塑造了群体生活和复杂社会性的进化。在此，我们评估了影响野生狒狒（东非狒狒）5个社会群体间群体层面优势地位的因素，特别关注优势地位的空间决定因素以及失败的后果。当同物种的狒狒群体之间发生直接冲突时，获胜群体可通过每组成年雄性数量的差异和/或在之前9个月或12个月比对手更密集地使用相遇地点周边区域的群体来预测。在较短时间尺度（3个月和6个月）上考察的空间利用相对强度并不能很好地预测互动结果。失败群体而非获胜群体经历了明显的短期代价。在发生争斗性相遇后，失败群体使用互动周边区域的频率降低（相对于互动前它们对该区域的使用强度）。这些发现为群体间竞争对群体层面空间利用模式的影响及后果提供了见解。
