Reece S M
University of Lowell, Mass.
Nurse Pract. 1990 Dec;15(12):19-20, 23-4.
Recently, outbreaks of measles have occurred across the United States among infants and young children with low rates of immunization, and among schoolage and college students with high rates of immunization. Because of these outbreaks, the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics has changed its recommendations for measles vaccination. New recommendations for routine vaccination are two doses of MMR, one at 15 months and one at age 11 or 12, when a child enters middle school. For infants and children considered to be at increased risk, three doses are recommended: the first at 12 months, the second at 15 months and the third at 11 or 12 years. With school outbreaks, revaccination is recommended for all students, siblings of students and school personnel born on or after January 1, 1957, who did not receive two doses of MMR after 12 months of age. Primary care providers have the opportunity to be on the front lines for the education of the public, the implementation of the recommendations and the ultimate eradication of the disease.
最近，美国各地出现了麻疹疫情，疫情发生在免疫接种率较低的婴幼儿中，以及免疫接种率较高的学龄儿童和大学生中。由于这些疫情，美国儿科学会传染病委员会改变了其麻疹疫苗接种建议。常规疫苗接种的新建议是接种两剂麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）疫苗，一剂在15个月时接种，另一剂在孩子进入中学时的11岁或12岁时接种。对于被认为风险增加的婴幼儿和儿童，建议接种三剂：第一剂在12个月时接种，第二剂在15个月时接种，第三剂在11岁或12岁时接种。对于学校爆发的疫情，建议对所有学生、学生的兄弟姐妹以及1957年1月1日及以后出生、12个月龄后未接种两剂MMR疫苗的学校工作人员进行补种。初级保健提供者有机会站在公众教育、建议实施以及最终根除该疾病的第一线。
