Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
Antiviral Res. 2012 Oct;96(1):21-31. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.07.007. Epub 2012 Jul 26.
Most viruses modify their genomic and mRNA 5'-ends with the addition of an RNA cap, allowing efficient mRNA translation, limiting degradation by cellular 5'-3' exonucleases, and avoiding its recognition as foreign RNA by the host cell. Viral RNA caps can be synthesized or acquired through the use of a capping machinery which exhibits a significant diversity in organization, structure and mechanism relative to that of their cellular host. Therefore, viral RNA capping has emerged as an interesting field for antiviral drug design. Here, we review the different pathways and mechanisms used to produce viral mRNA 5'-caps, and present current structures, mechanisms, and inhibitors known to act on viral RNA capping.
大多数病毒通过在基因组和 mRNA 5' 端添加 RNA 帽来修饰它们，从而实现高效的 mRNA 翻译，限制细胞 5'3' 核酸外切酶的降解，并避免宿主细胞将其识别为外来 RNA。病毒 RNA 帽可以通过使用加帽机制来合成或获得，该机制在组织、结构和机制方面与宿主细胞相比表现出显著的多样性。因此，病毒 RNA 加帽已成为抗病毒药物设计的一个有趣领域。在这里，我们回顾了产生病毒 mRNA 5' 帽的不同途径和机制，并介绍了目前已知作用于病毒 RNA 加帽的结构、机制和抑制剂。
