Canberra Hospital, Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Unit, Woden, Australia.
J Sports Sci. 2012;30(13):1347-63. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2012.710755. Epub 2012 Jul 30.
The 'stiffness' concept originates from Hooke's law which states that the force required to deform an object is related to a spring constant and the distance that object is deformed. Research into stiffness in the human body is undergoing unprecedented popularity; possibly because stiffness has been associated with sporting performance and some lower limb injuries. However, some inconsistencies surrounding stiffness measurement exists bringing into question the integrity of some research related to stiffness. The aim of this study was to review literature which describes how vertical, leg and knee stiffness has been measured in adult populations while running, jumping or hopping. A search of the entire MEDLINE, PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases and an iterative reference check was performed. Sixty-seven articles were retrieved; 21 measured vertical stiffness, 51 measured leg stiffness, and 22 measured knee stiffness. Thus, some studies measured several 'types' of stiffness. Vertical stiffness was typically the quotient of ground reaction force and centre of mass displacement. For leg stiffness it was and change in leg length, and for the knee it was the quotient of knee joint moments and change in joint angle. Sample size issues and measurement techniques were identified as limitations to current research.
“刚度”这一概念源于胡克定律，该定律指出，使物体变形所需的力与弹簧常数和物体变形的距离有关。人体刚度的研究正空前流行；这可能是因为刚度与运动表现和一些下肢损伤有关。然而，刚度测量方面存在一些不一致之处，这使得一些与刚度相关的研究的完整性受到质疑。本研究旨在回顾描述成年人在跑步、跳跃或跳跃时如何测量垂直、腿部和膝关节刚度的文献。对整个 MEDLINE、PubMed 和 SPORTDiscus 数据库进行了搜索，并进行了迭代的参考文献检查。共检索到 67 篇文章；21 篇测量垂直刚度，51 篇测量腿部刚度，22 篇测量膝关节刚度。因此，一些研究测量了几种“类型”的刚度。垂直刚度通常是地面反作用力与质心位移的商。对于腿部刚度，它是腿部长度的变化，而对于膝关节，它是膝关节力矩与关节角度变化的商。样本量问题和测量技术被确定为当前研究的局限性。
