Almonroeder Thomas Gus, Jayawickrema Jithmie, Richardson Carlee Tonia, Mercker Kristin Leigh
University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA.
Trine University, Fort Wayne, IN, USA.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2020 Aug;15(4):510-518.
Anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention often involves instructing athletes to reduce landing stiffness. Instructions promoting an external focus appear to result in superior motor performance for a wide range of tasks; however, the effect of attentional focus on landing stiffness has not been examined.
HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of instructions promoting an internal focus vs. those promoting an external focus on landing stiffness. It was hypothesized that both types of instructions would reduce landing stiffness vs. landings performed prior to instruction. It was also hypothesized that participants would demonstrate a greater reduction in landing stiffness when provided with instructions promoting an external focus.
Cross-sectional, quasi-experimental.
Sixteen female athletes (basketball, soccer, volleyball) completed drop landings while force and kinematic data were collected. Participants first performed drop landings with their typical technique (baseline). They then received instructions promoting an internal focus and an external focus before performing additional drop landings. Peak force, time-to-peak force, leg stiffness, and hip, knee, and ankle sagittal plane angles were analyzed.
Both types of instructions resulted in lower landing forces, less leg stiffness, and greater hip and knee flexion versus at baseline. However, athletes demonstrated more knee flexion at the time of the peak force (59.4 ± 9.6 ° vs. 56.0 ± 9.5 °) and less leg stiffness (69.5 ± 17.9 Nkg/m vs. 84.0 ± 38.1 Nkg/m) when provided with instructions promoting an external focus, compared to when they were provided with instructions promoting an internal focus.
Instructions promoting an external focus appear to result in a greater reduction in landing stiffness. Clinicians should consider providing instructions promoting an external focus when training athletes to reduce lower extremity stiffness during drop landings. The findings from this study may help to inform clinicians involved in movement pattern re-training for female athletes.
Level 3b.
前交叉韧带损伤的预防通常涉及指导运动员降低落地时的僵硬程度。促进外部注意力焦点的指导似乎能在广泛的任务中带来更好的运动表现；然而，注意力焦点对落地僵硬程度的影响尚未得到研究。
假设/目的：本研究的目的是比较促进内部注意力焦点的指导与促进外部注意力焦点的指导对落地僵硬程度的影响。假设两种类型的指导与指导前的落地相比都会降低落地僵硬程度。还假设当提供促进外部注意力焦点的指导时，参与者在落地僵硬程度上的降低会更大。
横断面、准实验性研究。
16名女性运动员（篮球、足球、排球）完成下蹲落地动作，同时收集力和运动学数据。参与者首先以其典型技术进行下蹲落地（基线）。然后在进行额外的下蹲落地之前，他们接受促进内部注意力焦点和外部注意力焦点的指导。分析了峰值力、达到峰值力的时间、腿部僵硬程度以及髋、膝和踝关节矢状面角度。
与基线相比，两种类型的指导都导致落地力降低、腿部僵硬程度减轻以及髋部和膝部屈曲增加。然而，与提供促进内部注意力焦点的指导相比，当提供促进外部注意力焦点的指导时，运动员在峰值力时表现出更多的膝部屈曲（59.4±9.6°对56.0±9.5°）和更小的腿部僵硬程度（69.5±17.9N/kg/m对84.0±38.1N/kg/m）。
促进外部注意力焦点的指导似乎能更大程度地降低落地僵硬程度。临床医生在训练运动员降低下蹲落地时下肢僵硬程度时应考虑提供促进外部注意力焦点的指导。本研究结果可能有助于为参与女性运动员运动模式重新训练的临床医生提供参考。
3b级。
