Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Oct 1;435-436:132-40. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.089. Epub 2012 Jul 31.
Evaluations of the effectiveness of air pollution policy interventions are scarce. This study investigated air pollution at street level before and after implementation of local traffic policies including low emission zones (LEZ) directed at heavy duty vehicles (trucks) in five Dutch cities.
Measurements of PM(10), PM(2.5), 'soot', NO(2), NO(x), and elemental composition of PM(10) and PM(2.5) were conducted simultaneously at eight streets, six urban background locations and four suburban background locations before (2008) and two years after implementation of the policies (2010). The four suburban locations were selected as control locations to account for generic air pollution trends and weather differences.
All pollutant concentrations were lower in 2010 than in 2008. For traffic-related pollutants including 'soot' and NO(x) and elemental composition (Cr, Cu, Fe) the decrease did not differ significantly between the intervention locations and the suburban control locations. Only for PM(2.5) reductions were considerably larger at urban streets (30%) and urban background locations (27%) than at the matching suburban control locations (20%). In one urban street where traffic intensity was reduced with 50%, 'soot', NO(x) and NO(2) concentrations were reduced substantially more (41, 36 and 25%) than at the corresponding suburban control location (22, 14 and 7%).
With the exception of one urban street where traffic flows were drastically reduced, the local traffic policies including LEZ were too modest to produce significant decreases in traffic-related air pollution concentrations.
空气污染政策干预措施的有效性评估很少。本研究调查了荷兰五个城市在实施包括针对重型车辆（卡车）的低排放区（LEZ）在内的地方交通政策前后街道层面的空气污染情况。
在政策实施前（2008 年）和两年后（2010 年），同时在 8 条街道、6 个城市背景点和 4 个郊区背景点进行了 PM（10）、PM（2.5）、“烟尘”、NO（2）、NO（x）和 PM（10）和 PM（2.5）元素组成的测量。选择四个郊区位置作为对照点，以说明一般性的空气污染趋势和天气差异。
与 2008 年相比，所有污染物浓度均在 2010 年降低。对于与交通相关的污染物，包括“烟尘”和 NO（x）以及元素组成（Cr、Cu、Fe），干预地点与郊区对照点之间的下降没有显著差异。只有 PM（2.5）的降幅在城市街道（30%）和城市背景点（27%）明显大于相应的郊区对照点（20%）。在一条交通强度降低了 50%的城市街道上，“烟尘”、NO（x）和 NO（2）的浓度降低了很多（41%、36%和 25%），而相应的郊区对照点的降低幅度为（22%、14%和 7%）。
除了一条交通流量大幅减少的城市街道外，包括 LEZ 在内的地方交通政策力度太小，无法显著降低与交通相关的空气污染浓度。
