Department of Community Health and Prevention, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
J Community Health. 2013 Feb;38(1):133-41. doi: 10.1007/s10900-012-9591-7.
In response to the growing public health problem of drug overdose, community-based organizations have initiated overdose prevention programs (OPPs), which distribute naloxone, an opioid antagonist, and teach overdose response techniques. Injection drug users (IDUs) have been targeted for this intervention due to their high risk for drug overdose. Limited research attention has focused on factors that may inhibit or prevent IDUs who have been trained by OPPs to undertake recommended response techniques when responding to a drug overdose. IDUs (n = 30) trained by two OPPs in Los Angeles were interviewed in 2010-2011 about responses to their most recently witnessed drug overdose using an instrument containing both open and closed-ended questions. Among the 30 witnessed overdose events, the victim recovered in 29 cases while the outcome was unknown in one case. Participants responded to overdoses using a variety of techniques taught by OPPs. Injecting the victim with naloxone was the most commonly recommended response while other recommended responses included stimulating the victim with knuckles, calling 911, and giving rescue breathing. Barriers preventing participants from employing recommended response techniques in certain circumstances included prior successes using folk remedies to revive a victim, concerns over attracting police to the scene, and issues surrounding access to or use of naloxone. Practical solutions, such as developing booster sessions to augment OPPs, are encouraged to increase the likelihood that trained participants respond to a drug overdose with the full range of recommended techniques.
针对日益严重的药物过量公共卫生问题，社区组织已经启动了过量预防计划（OPPs），这些计划分发纳洛酮（一种阿片类拮抗剂）并教授过量反应技术。由于注射吸毒者（IDUs）药物过量的风险很高，因此他们成为了这种干预措施的目标。有限的研究关注的是可能抑制或阻止 IDUs 采取推荐的反应技术的因素，这些 IDUs 已经接受了 OPPs 的培训，以应对药物过量。2010 年至 2011 年，洛杉矶的两个 OPPs 培训的 30 名 IDUs 接受了关于他们最近目睹的药物过量事件的访谈，使用的工具包含开放式和封闭式问题。在 30 起目击的过量用药事件中，29 起受害者康复，1 起事件结果未知。参与者使用 OPPs 教授的各种技术对过量用药作出反应。给受害者注射纳洛酮是最常推荐的反应，而其他推荐的反应包括用指关节刺激受害者、拨打 911 和进行人工呼吸。在某些情况下，参与者无法采用推荐的反应技术的障碍包括之前使用民间疗法成功抢救受害者、担心引起警察注意，以及获取或使用纳洛酮的问题。鼓励采取实际解决方案，如开发强化课程来增强 OPPs，以提高受过培训的参与者用一系列推荐技术应对药物过量的可能性。
