外连接式单颗牙种植体的临床效果：2 至 13 年的随访结果。

Clinical outcomes of single dental implants with external connections: results after 2 to 13 years.

机构信息

Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prostheses and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

出版信息

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012 Jul-Aug;27(4):935-44.

PMID:22848897

Abstract

PURPOSE

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term survival rates and the frequency of complications associated with single implants and their associated restorations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was performed in patients who received dental implants between 1997 and 2007. The cohort included patients who had a single implant restored with a cemented or screwed restoration that had been in function for more than 2 years. The cumulative implant survival rates and peri-implant conditions (marginal bone loss, pocket depth, and plaque, gingival, and bleeding indices), as well as prosthodontic maintenance requirements, were evaluated. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and regression models were used.

RESULTS

Seventy-three implants were placed in 44 patients (32 women, 12 men; mean age, 48 years). All implants were available for follow-up after 2 to 13 years (mean follow-up, 60 months). The overall cumulative 5-year survival rates for implants were 95.9%, and most of the prostheses (98.6%) remained functional throughout the observation period. The overall frequency of complications was 29.6% (4.3% inflammatory, 22.5% prosthetic, 2.8% operative). The average peri-implant marginal bone loss was 1.8 mm. Peri-implant soft tissue conditions such as plaque and bleeding indices and pocket depths were also satisfactory. However, the presence of inflammation was significantly associated with pocket depth and gingival keratinized mucosa. The need to retighten loose abutment screws (21%) was the most frequent prosthodontic maintenance performed. However, all loose abutment screws occurred in prostheses retained with titanium screws, and 92.9% of the prostheses had a UCLA-type abutment.

CONCLUSION

The implants and the associated prosthetic constructions used in this study showed excellent survival rates. However, there was a high frequency of prosthetic complications associated with titanium screws and UCLA cast abutments. Other prosthetic components may have yielded different results.

摘要

目的

本回顾性研究旨在评估单牙种植体及其相关修复体的长期存活率和并发症发生频率。

材料和方法

对 1997 年至 2007 年间接受牙种植体的患者进行了回顾性队列研究。该队列包括接受固位或螺丝固位修复的单牙种植体修复且功能超过 2 年的患者。评估了种植体的累积存活率和种植体周围状况（边缘骨丧失、袋深、菌斑、牙龈和出血指数）以及修复体的维护要求。使用描述性统计、卡方检验和回归模型进行分析。

结果

共植入 73 颗种植体，植入 44 名患者（32 名女性，12 名男性；平均年龄 48 岁）。所有种植体在 2 至 13 年后（平均随访 60 个月）均可供随访。种植体的总体 5 年累积存活率为 95.9%，在整个观察期内，大多数修复体（98.6%）仍保持功能。并发症的总体发生率为 29.6%（炎症 4.3%、修复体 22.5%、手术 2.8%）。平均种植体边缘骨丧失为 1.8mm。种植体周围软组织状况如菌斑和出血指数及袋深也令人满意。然而，炎症的存在与袋深和牙龈角化黏膜显著相关。需要重新拧紧松动的基台螺丝（21%）是最常见的修复体维护操作。然而，所有松动的基台螺丝均发生在使用钛螺丝固定的修复体中，且 92.9%的修复体使用 UCLA 型基台。